evilmac Macbeths Profound Evil Essay -- Macbeth essays

Macbeths Profound Evil When the audience experiences Macbeth by William Shakespeare, it is subjected to a heavy dose of atrocious in the form of intent and actions by the witches, by Lady Macbeth and by Macbeth. L.C. Knights in the essay Macbeth specifies the particular species of fell present within the play Macbeth defines a particular kind of evil - the evil that results from a lust for power. The defining, as in all the tragedies, is in strictly poetic and dramatic terms. It is certainly not an abstract formulation, save lies rather in the drawing out of necessary consequences and implications of that lust twain in the external and the spiritual worlds. (93) D. F. Bratchell in Shakespearian Tragedy delineates the proper(postnominal) type of evil within the tragedy Long regarded as a profound vision of evil, Macbeth differs from the other Shakespearean tragedies in that the evil is transferred from the scoundrel to the hero not that Shakespeares tragic figures are eve r conceived in the simple tones of black and white. Although the Elizabethans took liberties with Aristotles dictum that tragedy does not deal with the overthrow of a bad character, it would be accepted by them that concentration on the evil deed itself does not constitute tragedy. (132-33) In his book, On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy, H. S. Wilson emphasizes the evil coexisting with traces of good in the play He is loose of gentleness and generosity there is a tender human dear between him and his wife, though they are both abandoned to evil we may recall the relation between Claudius and Gertrude, and Shakespeares capacity for seeing some worth even in wicked people. (77) R... ...n Women Reading Shakespeare 1660-1900. Ann Thompson and Sasha Roberts, eds. Manchester, UK Manchester University Press, 1997. Kermode, Frank. Macbeth. The Riverside Shakespeare. Ed. G. Blakemore Evans. Boston Houghton Mifflin Company, 1972. Knights, L.C. Macbeth. Shakespeare The Tragedie s. A Collectiion of Critical Essays. Alfred Harbage, ed. Englewwod Cliffs, NJ Prentice-Hall, Inc., 1964. Mack, Maynard. Everybodys Shakespeare Reflections Chiefly on the Tragedies. Lincoln, NB University of Nebraska Press, 1993. Warren, Roger. Shakespeare watch over 30. N.p. n.p., 1977. Pp. 177-78. Rpt. in Shakespeare in the Theatre An Anthology of Criticism. Stanley Wells, ed. England Oxford University Press, 2000. Wilson, H. S. On the Design of Shakespearean Tragedy. Toronto, Canada University of Toronto Press, 1957.

How to Make Draft Essay from This Outline

COMM 180Winter 2013Kargonn Crawford Hill go to for Es separate OutlineDue Week 7 Student sh discover & Number A gentlemandeep Cheema 300673568 theme Number (from assignment sheet) 2 Topic Name (demonstrate your understanding by briefly explaining the topic in your avouch words, e. g. , characterization, theme, plot, social message/interpretation, etc. ) A theme is a put up of writing, a talk, or a discussion of an every last(predicate) important(predicate) idea or subject that run through it.In another word we can say that a theme is the central idea or ideas explored by a literary work and in order to identify the theme of the recital, we get to composite, or assemble, the aspects of imagination that we gathered from investigation, and regard the story as a whole Relevant Textbook unit(s) (identify the Unit number and name from SAU that relates to your chosen topic. Note this is not necessarily the same unit in which your stories appear) Unit 2 Types of characters (p. 35), Unit 2 consultationization (p. 37), Unit 4 heathenish and social setting (p. 15), Unit 6 Theme and interpretation (p. 190). principal(a) Sources (Required ii stories from Stories About Us) 1. A Handful of Dates 2. The Stolen Party Draft important Points (3 points, each relating to twain stories) 1. The writers of both the stories use the method of characterization to make out and acquaint characters. 2. The characters of both the stories had g angiotensin converting enzyme through certain experiences which they had encountered or undergone in the cart track of time. 3. Consequences which they met at the end of the stories for some function which happened earlier.Draft Thesis Statement (12 sentences let in subject, readings, and important(prenominal) points) The author of the story A Handful of Dates and the author of the story The Stolen Party are from different culture but treat a common theme of disillusionment. In my opinion characterization, experiences, and cons equences are the some important aspects of these two stories. Planned Development (Identify pledge from primary sources for main points distend table by adding rows or sections as necessary) Point 1 (briefly duplicate your main point) The writers of both the stories use the method of characterization to create and portray characters. composition 1 Examples summon drool 2 Examples Page The strange thing was he neer use to go out go out with his father, rather it was my grandfather. 21 (5) Rich people go to Heaven too, verbalise the girl, who studied religion at school. 27 (5) Unlike other children, he used to love to go to the mosque to learn the Koran. 22 (10) Get away(p) with Heaven, express the mother. The problem with you, young lady, is that you like to fart higher than your ass. 27 (10) As for his beard, it was soft and luxuriant and as white as cotton-woolnever in my life have I seen anything of a purer whiteness or great beauty. 22 (25) Rosaure loved everything in the big house and she in addition loved the people who lived there. 28 (25) Point 2 (briefly reiterate your main point) The characters of both the stories had gone through certain experiences which they had encountered or undergone in the course of time. Story 1 Examples Page Story 2 Examples Page Yes my boy, cardinal years ago completely this belonged to Masood-two-thirds of it is now mine. 23 (55) Rosaura was the only one allowed into the kitchen. 29 (55) I didnt own a single feddan when I first set foot in this village.Masood was then the owner of all these riches. 23 (60) Rosaura felt she had never been so happy in all her life. 30 (95) He remembered that Masood remark to him Palm trees, my boy, like humans, experience feel and suffering. And I had felt an inward and unreasoned embarrassment. 24 (100) Rosaura thought that this was truly the most amusing party in the whole world. 30 (115) I looked at Masood and saw that his eyes were darting rough to left a nd right like two mice that have lost their way home. 25 (130) Point 3 (briefly restate your main point) Consequences which they met at the end of the stories for something which happened earlier. Story 1 Examples Page Story 2 Examples Page I felt myself drawing tight to Masood. 25 (135) Rosaura also leaned forward, stretching out her arm. But she never completed the movement. 32 (175) For some unknown reason, I experienced a sharp lead of pain in my chest. 25 (140) You really and truly earned this, she said handing them over. Thank you for all your help, my pet. 32 (180) I felt at that spot that I hated him. 25 (140) Rosaura felt her arms stiffen, stick close to her body, and then she noticed her mothers hand on her shoulder. 32 (180) Then, without knowing why, I put my finger into my throat and spewed up the dates Id eaten. 25 (145) Rosauras eyes had a cold, clear look that fixed itself on Senora Iness face. 32 (185) inessential Sources (Requiredidentify at least 2 ap propriate, i. e. , literary productions specific, sources with APA documentation) 1. Hassan, W. S. (2003). Tayeb Salih Ideology & the craft of fiction. siege of Syracuse, NY Syracuse University Press. 2.Diaz, G. (2007). Women and power in Argentine literature Stories, interviews, and critical essays. Austin, TX University of Texas Press. 3. Dasgupta, G. , & Mei, J. , J. (2005). Character and characterization. In G. Dasgupta & J. J. Mei (Eds. ), Stories about us (pp. 37). Toronto, ON Nelson. 4. Liliana Heker. (2003). In Contemporary Authors Online. Retrieved from Literature Resource Center. 5. Khan, R. Y. (2001). Childhood and modern Arabic literature The initiation story. Arabic & Middle Eastern Literatures, 4(2), 167-178. doi10. 1080/13666160120057277OPTIONAL separate Possible Secondary Sources (Optional secondary sources from program course material or GNED 500 material, or other non-literature-specific sources, with APA documentation) _______________________________ _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Planned Development (Identify support for main points expand table by adding rows or sections) Note At this face of essay development, it is not necessary to complete all sections of this table, but you should try at least one item of secondary source support for each of your main points) Point 1 (briefly restate your main point) The writers of both the stories use the method of characterization to create and portray characters. Story 1 Examples Secondary Source Support Page Story 2 Examples Secondary Source Support Page Masood, like Sheikh, is a loving and kind-hearted man who is deeply attached to his palm trees. (Diaz, G. 20 07, p. 33) 33 Implicit presentation of characters in action which is used primarily through dialogue and action of characters in a story (Dasgupta, G. , & Mei, J. , J. , 2005, p. 38) 38 Point 2 (briefly restate your main point) The characters of both the stories had gone through certain experiences which they had encountered or undergone in the course of time. Story 1 Examples Secondary Source Support Page Story 2 Examples Secondary Source Support Page He has so far imagined that the field and playground belonged to my grandfather ever since perfections creation, turn out to have belonged to Masood(Diaz, G. , 2007, p. 4) 34 Her memories of her puerility are quite clear and insightful- perhaps the reason for the numerous stories she had written about children. (Hassan, W. S. , 2003, p. 185) 185 Point 3 (briefly restate your main point) Consequences which they met at the end of the stories for something which happened earlier. Story 1 Examples Secondary Source Supp ort Page Story 2 Examples Secondary Source Support Page It is a fall from childhood innocence that comes about with knowledge. (Diaz, G. , 2007, p. 34) 34 What she discovers is that she has just begun her own training in servitude. (Liliana Heker, 2003, para. 2)

“Aladdin” Positive And Negative Essay

Would you want your child to see a film similar Aladdin, that may be in force(p) a harmless cartoon or a dangerous brain washer? There ar demonstrable gists and proscribe pass ons most each gender, some of the piths may get merge together in a childs mind make right versus wrong confusing for the young child. A positive casing for men is when genie announces Aladdin to tell the truth. An example of a negative content most men is when Aladdin is trying to affect macho as the prince. For women a positive core is to stand up for your self. A negative message is the exaggerated trunk figures and sizes. With every last(predicate) the positive and negative images from Aladdin in a young childs head it may be ticklish for he or she to figure out what is good or pitiful.In Aladdin thither atomic number 18 messages that children should see because they promote a good idea. For example, when Aladdin headstrong to use his last wish to free Genie it shows that men crowd ou t show affection to opposite men. Nowadays, you forever and a day see men combat and battling, but never showing any love for each other it is good to see that they are showing little children it is okay to nonplus love. It shows children that its okay to act soft, you dont always scram to wear the knotty guy image. Another good message is when Aladdin in conclusion tells the truth to Jasmine, the message is that honesty is the best policy. It tells kids that lying and lying makes it veritable(a) harder to fin bothy tell the truth.It is one of the classic lessons that says telling the truth is always best because it saves you from more(prenominal) trouble in the end. A great message about men in Aladdin is that men should respect women, like when the prototypical thing Aladdin mentions when describing Jasmine is her smarts not something shallow like her attractiveness. It shows kids that at that place is more than just looks in a human being you have to go deeper than the throw together to find true beauty. It teaches children that caring for people regardless of looks or visual aspect is important. The positive messages give a good image for children to remember to tell the truth, or treat someone with respect.With the positive messages of men there are as well as confusing negative messages about men for young children. When Aladdin lies to everyone about being a prince it doesnt help him in his relationships because everyone loves him as a prince. Children believe that to get what they want all they need to do is lie. Children impart not understand that lying can get you in more trouble than telling the truth. Another negative message is when Aladdin tries to play the cool, tough and confident prince. It shows kids that if you really want to be something cool you must act like something you arent.It seems hard enough for children to find their own identity and this message doesnt help because it gives them the idea that cool is a certain thing. one and only(a) of the most absurd messages is that Jafar is shown tall, thin, dark and has a very deep voice. This is poor because kids may think that all dark people are abhorrence which is a horrible idea of racism. Children should not see the color of an vicious but just as the evil, skin color should not be related. Although there are positive messages there are negative messages about men.For the women in Aladdin there are positive messages that young girls should see. For example, Jasmine chooses not to adopt any prince that her father, the sultan, brings to her. This shows that girls can stand up for themselves and hold their own when confront with critical situations, like forced marriage. In cartoons you usually see the women qualified on a rich male, it is good to see that in cartoons women are shown as strong characters. Another example of a positive message for women is when Jasmine trusts Aladdin and Aladdin as a prince. It shows how women are trustworthy and can be trusted. It in any case shows that trust is an important aspect of love. When Jasmine refuses to marry any rich big(a) man that is brought to her it shows she is not shallow. This shows how a women can make a upkeep on her own with out the help of a huge paycheck and a man. It also shows that there is more to love than good looks, there are deeper attractions than only looks. The positive messages are good for young girls to see.Although there are positive messages about women in Aladdin there are also dangerous messages. When Jasmine is to help Aladdin get the lamp back from Jafar, she uses very seductive and intimate movements to try and fall out in doing what she wants. It is scary to think that in a childs cartoon there are messages of selling your body to get what you want. This is dangerous because a girl may begin playing sexually at a very early age and unknowingly. Although Princess Jasmine stood up for herself she is also dependent on men during certain sit uations.After all these years women should be shown separately from men as individual humans. A young girl may think that the only way for her to succeed is with a man to help her. All throughout the movie all of the elegant girls are big eyed, have tiny feet, have enough chests and are skinny as their necks while the ugly girls are shown gigantic. A girl always wants to be pretty and if by being pretty it means extremely skinny, then she may associate ugly with fodder and eating disorders may develop. This message seems as though it was made to reject children and they may become very saddened over something that is not their fault.With all the contrary messages given to children through the carton Aladdin you can see how it may be confusing to the child about negative and positive. This film shows positive messages and negative messages about men and women. Because the movie has so many descriptions of good and bad the child may get confused about what to do in real life situation.

Organizational Behavior Model of Grameenphone

Introduction Organizations atomic number 18 collections of interacting and inter colligated benignant and non- mankind resources massageing toward a normal last or set of goals deep d birth the frame gain of anatomical structured simileships. It is a great opportunity to study closely the lead-in mobile operator participation, GrameenPhone and their organisational bearing model which is refer with all aspects of how the company influences the demeanor of several(prenominal)s and how separates in turn influence the company. * ascendant of the ReportThe BBA program under the section of melody Studies offers a range named organisational Behavior (MGT 251) which requires e truly company to submit a report on a habitual focussing related topic determined by the course instructor. The report under the headline Organizational Behavior estimator simulation has been prep bed to serve that purpose. * Objectives of the Study Several objectives to conduct the study ar * To study sfountainhead up-nigh organisational appearance. * To study to a greater achievement or less the Managerial Activities To be informed about the levels of musical arrangemental behavior and its importance from the view of organizational point * To mulct about each potential outcomes of effective surgical process of the organization as well as inspiring employees towards their chisel. * To build a bridge surrounded by the theoretical & adenosine monophosphate practical education of marketing. * methodological outline To prep be this report we convey utilise all the managerial information, dis similar official documents as well as papers accessible of that peculiar(a) institution which were made for the relevant field(s).Accompanying material Describe How have got Behaviour Could Promote Effective Interactions With Children and Young PeopleWe have taken sustain from some employees of GrameenPhone who helped us to enrich this topic. We to a fault talked t o our teachers about it and they have in like manner helped to improve and enhance the report. * Limitations We have faced some usual constraints during the course of our preparation for the report. The major limitations ar as follows * Information is non available The data infallible for sufficient analysis for preparing the report was not available. We could not get all the data from a single source. * Lack of scientific disciplines Our expertness is not sufficient, that is why we could not present it much attractivelyThe Company Overview Grameenphone is the leading telecommunications religious do resultr in Bangladesh. With more than 27 million subscribers (as of October 2010) Grameenphone is the largest cellular operator in the country. It is a joint venture enterprise between Telenor and Grameen Telecom Corporation, a non-profit sister stage business of the foreignly acclaimed microfinance organization and lodge development bank Grameen Bank. Telenor, the largest t elecommunications company in Norway, owns 55. 8% shargons of Grameenphone, Grameen Telecom owns 34. 2% and the remaining 10% is publicly held.It signed its license agreement with the judicature on 11 November 1996 and began operations on 26 March 1997. Grameenphone was the freshman company to introduce GSM technology in Bangladesh. It also established the starting 24-hour Call Center to realize its subscribers. With the slogan Stay Close, stated goal of Grameenphone is to append affordable telephony to the entire population of Bangladesh Managerial set of the company Garmeenphone always tried to keep promises from its inception till today, which has bought a different dimension to its managerial techniques.Best Net process Coverage, well built management, businesslike and Effective Manpower- all these brought the company to its destiny. Promises onlyt joint be made intimately further keeping those promises is much harder than it previously. GP has come across with those p romises very successfully with its Outstanding and Specialized Managerial Techniques. Grameenphone is always being honorific to an other(a)(prenominal)s especially to the prominent accessible Personalities those who directly motivating themselves into various social, economic, educative and other positive field with eye-catching role-play.GrameenPhone is the official sponsor of Bangladesh play group. Only this ex vitamin Ale may easily indicate the inspired to raise-up this kindly of inspirations. Mission of the company Mission of GrameenPhone is to Leading the industry and exceed customer expectations by providing the best wireless turnction, making life and business easier. deal the company GrameenPhone exists to help customers to get the full benefit of communications attends in their daily lives. The company indirect requests to make it easy for customers to get what they want, when they want it.They are here to help. Product and Service Offered by the company plane tary telephony Grameenphone was the first operator to introduce the pre-paid mobile phone returns in Bangladesh in September 1999. It offers followings pre-paid subscriptions. * Smile pre-paid Smile is a general package provides widest coverage & clarity of speech keep exploiter connected any clock sentence, anywhere at an affordable grade. * Djuice Djuice is a popular international brand, exclusively designed for young generation which provide full of fun and entertainment elements. Xplore Post-paid Xplore is for someone who wants freedom and takes decison independently. With Xplore user shadow set out flexibleness. * Business Solutions Business Solutions is a complete, quality business communications service from grameenphone designed especially for business community in Bangladesh. It privy provide user a customized soluation. new(prenominal) Services * Internet Grameenphone provides internet service in its coverage area. As it has EDGE/GPRS enabled net snuff it, any s ubscriber can access to internet done this network.Grameenphone was the first mobile operator in Bangladesh to offer EDGE run to its subscribers. * Bill Pay A service to enable users to pay their utility bills Electricity/Gas by means of with(predicate) mobile. * cubicle Bazaar Services to enable users sell or buy products through mobile or internet. * Various other services like broth Information, Instant Messaging, SMS Based Alerts/Services, Voice- base Services, Downloads, Music, Cricket Updates, Web SMS, and Mobile Backup etc. Organization Behavior Model An organization is a social group which distributes projects for a collective goal.Organizational behavior is concerned with all aspects of how organizations influence the behavior of individuals and how individuals in turn influence organizations. Organizational behavior is an inter-disciplinary field that draws freely from a number of the behavioral sciences, including anthropology, psychology, sociology, and many a n(prenominal) others. The unique mission of organizational behavior is to apply the concepts of behavioral sciences to the pressing problems of management, and, more generally, to administrative sup government agency and practice. Model is an abstraction of reality.A simplified opposeation of some real-world phenomenon. Basic OB model overwhelm three level are individual level, group level and, organizational establishment level. These three basic levels are uniform to building blocks each level is constructed on the previous level. For example, group concepts rick out on the foundation laid in the individual branch. apiece level holds several factors that make a complete organizational behavior model. Individual levels factors are biographical characteristic, mortalality, emotions, values, attitude, ability, perception, want, learning which leads to individual decision making.Group level includes group decision making, leadership and trust, group structure, work team, po wer and policies, communication and conflict. Organizational brass level holds Organizational structure, organizational culture and human resource policies. Fig OB Model OB Model from the view point of Grameenphone Organizational System Level * kind-hearted resource policies GrameenPhone is the pioneer in the field of human resource management, employee dread and competence development in Bangladesh. GrameenPhone is before long employing approximately 5000 people of which 84 % is under 31 years old.The employees are spread out in six office zones throughout the country, with Dhaka being the largest with 3561 employees. Most of the stave has university backgrounds within fields such as management, marketing, economics, finance and engineering. The turnover rate of employee in 2006 was 8%, and a preliminary 4% so cold for 2007. The number of resignations peaked in 2005 when refreshed operators penetrated the market and offered higher salaries to GrameenPhone employees, but this was still relatively low. One could argue that low turnover place are a good indicator of a healthy work environment.Human Resource Development GrameenPhone offers employee guidance on several stages, in humanitarian to a general introduction for new employees. At subaltern management level, GrameenPhone in collaboration with the British Council offers in house reproduction in basic management skills and workshops. Furthermore management preparation at junior and middle levels is offered in collaboration with the Indian Institute of Management. Finally for ripened management GrameenPhone offers a module based program in cooperation with capital of Sweden School of Economics. This program is custom made for GrameenPhone.Employee Benefits In addition to a relatively high profits, GrameenPhone employees are offered several bene? ts. In an annual contemplate comparing 10 competitors and similar companies in other industries, GrameenPhone identifies the wage diffusion and bases its own wage levels on those in the upper quartile. As a percent of the employee insurance, GrameenPhone is also providing monthly education appointments to children of all employeesuntil the age of 21. This grant is a ? xed monthly sum for each child. In compliance with the local legislation GrameenPhone is bu? ding a pension fund for its employees.In addition to the required minimum level, GrameenPhone also invests in provident funds. 10 % of the employees salary is paid on a monthly basis into the fund. All employees are entitled and covered by health and medical insurance. This also applies to family members. regulation of Conduct Upon entering the company, all employees mustiness sign a enrol of conduct. The document presents guidelines for straightlaced conduct and ethical behavior. It is divided into four move Firstly, general guidelines describe the rationale behind this document, namely the importance of communicating corporate values and for employees to adopt the m.This percentage includes broad, overarching topics such as human worth, working environment health, loyalty and confidentiality and reporting/disclosure among others. The second section refers to the relationship with customers, suppliers, competitors and public authorities. The main message here is that all stakeholders should be treated with paying attention and that unethical interaction, such as receiving expensive gifts and services are unacceptable. The third section looks at the employees hidden interests and actions in relation to the company.Here political activism and other external duties are encouraged up to the level where it will not interfere with their work at GrameenPhone. The last section emphasizes that all misconduct or indeed suspicions of such activity must be reported immediately. It ensures the employee that no reprisals will be undertaken towards them. In other words whistle-blowing is allowed and promoted. Organizational Culture Organizational culture i s a system of shared values, assumptions, beliefs, and norms that unite the members of an organization because it reflects, What its like to work here. This becomes apparent through the visible level of the culture, the espoused values that are not observe but rather explained and justified, and through the summation beliefs that are widely shared through the organization. Importance of Organizational Culture A. Employee Self-Management Induce employees to behave in a particular way without close supervision or formal mechanisms, many of which are informal and unspecified. B. Stability Cultures creates a sense of continuity in the midst of change and intense belligerent pressure. C.Socialization The process of internalizing or taking organizational values as ones own. The Culture of Grameenphone Ltd. also known as THE GP WAY is how GP is doing business its all about itemizing and reinforcing their vision & values, leadership expectations, codes of conduct and government a ctivity principles in GPs daily life at work and deliver upon the brand promise Stay Close. The Employee Relations team is accountable for ensuring vibrant Organizational Culture, sustaining GP as the preferred Employer Brand in the country.Human rights Grameenphone allows the internationally proclaimed human rights including UN declaration and conventions on human rights. Employees shall respect the personal dignity, privacy, and rights of each individual interact with during the course of work and shall not in any way cause or contribute to the violation or circumvention of human rights. Working Environment Gramcenphone provide a passe-partout workplace with an inclusive working environment including the international Labor Organizations core conventions.Grameenphone is opposed to discriminatory practices at that placefore, no direct or indirect oppose discrimination have taken place based on race, color, gender, internal orientation, age, disability, language, religion, l egitimate political or other opinions, national or social origin, property, birth or status. Occupational Health, Safety and Employee security Grameenphone is careful about the field of health, dependablety and employee security to promote good health and safe working environment in compliance with internationally recognized standards.Employee shares the function for achieving this goal. GP always do their outmost to control hazards and take essential precautions to prevent accidents and occupational diseases. Freedom of association and the right to collective bargain Grameenphone recognizes the right to freedom of association and collective bargaining in produce labor environments. In such environments Grameenphone allow its employees to freely elect representatives among the employees, unless this would represent a breach of national uprightnesss and regulations.Such employee representatives shall be allowed to carry out their functions unrestrained at the work place. Loyalt y, impartiality, conflict of interests and related party transactions Grameenphone consider the individual employees right to a private life and private interests. But it demands openness and loyalty to the Company and the Companys interest. Conflicts of interest, wherever possible have been avoided. Confidentiality Every employee in the Company has a duty of confidentiality by law and written agreement.The duty of confidentiality also applies after the conclusion of employment or contractual relationship with Grameenphone for as long as the information is considered to be of a sensitive nature or in any other way confidential. Private interest and actions An employee of Grameenphone shall not hold another position or carry out work for others during working hours without prior usher written permission from his supervisor. Political activity Grameenphone does not infract support to political parties, either in the form of direct financial support or paid working time.Employees wh o take part in political activities will be granted snuff it from their work in unison with the law and any agreements. Organization Structure The following organogram shows the organizational structure of Grameenphone including hierarchy of authority and responsibility. Group Level GP believe in group task thats why they separate every segment and sub department with group. This group is assigned different or similar task to which helps the department rune fast and smoothly. In Grameenphone there are groups from top level to the bottom.This helps the company to take itself in a proper destination Leadership In the organogram of GP, we can see every department has a leader and as well as every team and every department has its own leader. Some top leaders of GP * ? Tore Johnsen(CEO) * ? Mr. Raihan Shamsi (CFO) * ? Mr. Arnfinn Groven(CPO) * ? Mr. Arild Kaale(CMO) * ? Mr. Kazi Monirul Kabir(CCO) * ? Mr. Mahmud Hossain(CCAO) * ? Mr. Tanveer Mohammad(CTO) Communication The AoA of the Company requires the Board to meet at least(prenominal) four times a year or more when duly called for in writing by a Board member.Dates for Board Meetings in the ensuing year are decided in advance and let on of each Board Meeting is served in writing well in advance. The roles of the Board and Chief Executive Officer are separate and characterization of responsibilities is clearly established, set out in writing and agreed by the Board to ensure transparency and better corporate governance. To that end, GP has also adopted Governance Guidelines for Chief Executive Officer. The CEO is the supreme head for day-to-day management in GP.He acts to reasonably ensure that GP develops and conducts business as per the Articles of Association, decisions made by the Board and shareholder, as well as according to Grameenphone Policies and Procedures, and applicable regulatory legislations. Team work Business is like a game of chess. Every move matters. Time is precious. The situation a nd movement of each piece is a must-know for one to win the game. Todays competitive and fast changing business world demands the very(prenominal). With Grameenphones Team Tracker, employee can point his/her workforce and direct them towards the achievement of your business goals.Team Tracker is a new value-added solution for the Business Market. This solution will help bring about efficiency to the value chain of organizations having field employees. Managing field operations & directing field employees towards the business success has always been a concern for field managements like National & Regional Sales Managers, reach Managers & Distributors. With the services of Grameenphones Team Tracker, organizations can now locate its employees, assign tasks to them digitally & also receive task updates electronically.The system is robust enough to handle data for even a gramme employees. Features of the Service * Real-time overview of outdoor employee movements on the m ap * Location based task delegation and proactive workload allocation * Instant task status update * Business Reports generation on Employee Location & Task status based on organizational hierarchy By using this solution, a company is expected to gain * Faster Actions * sharp planning and precise workforce management * Efficient workload grant to lead to greater employee satisfaction * Cost EfficiencyIndividual Level Motivation The chew over of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through employees. To do this the manager should be able to motivate employees. But thats easier verbalize than done. Motivation practice and theory are difficult subjects, touching on several disciplines. In spite of enormous research, basic as well as applied, the subject of motivation is not clearly unders withald and more very much than not poorly practiced. To understand motivation one must understand human nature itself.And there lies the problem In Grameenphone as we all know tha t its a government organization so they not give such motivational package which an employee get in private organization . But without motivation package no employee give their maximum to the organization . some motivational package which Grameenphone give there employee free telephone facility, promotion and so on. Dealing with other factors Employee upbringing Employee schooling is the planned effort of an organization to help each employee learn the job related behaviors and skills they will take away to do their job properly.It is a set of planned activities that the organization will have their employees complete in dress to increment their job knowledge and skills and to have them get wedded to the attitudes and social atmosphere of the company. It will help the employee to be familiar with the goals of the organization and the job requirements. There are typical steps that go into a training program. These are sketch below. 1) Conduct Needs Assessment A bring is descr ibed as a gap between what is currently known and what will be needed now and in the future.These gaps in knowledge could be between what an organization expects to happen and what actually does, how employees are performing on the job and how the organization desires them to perform, and existing skills and desired skill level . In order to conduct an assessment there are some analyses that must be done * An organizational analyses determines the effectiveness of an organization, where training is needed and under what actually does, how individual employees are performing on the job and how the organization desires them to perform, and existing skills and desired skill level .In order to conduct an assessment there are some analyses that must be done. * An organizational analyses determines the effectiveness of an organization ,where training is needed and under what conditions the training will be conducted. * A task analysis is used to provide data about a job or group of jobs, and the knowledge, skills ,attitudes and abilities that are needed to achieve optimum performance. This information can come from job descriptions, task analyses, employee questionnaires and interviews, performance evaluation, and observation of the workplace. Finally, person analysis analyses how well an individual employee is doing their job and determines which specific employees need training and what kind of training. The methods of this kind of analysis include employee questionnaires and interviews, performance evaluation, skill and knowledge testing and the observation of behavior and results. 2) Implement facts of life Methods Now that the analysis has been done, the training method require to be chosen. The two most frequently used training methods include* Lecture Lecture involves one-way communication, from instructor to learner -the learner is static in the process. On-the-job-training This method involves such methods as apprenticeship and mentoring, where the emplo yee is actively engaged in the type of work they will later be doing on their own. * Programmed discipline This is a form of instruction that is pre-programmed and then delivered methodologically to an individual. This form of instruction is self-paced -the employee determines how fast they will learn and complete the steps and it is often end more quickly than group training. It can be delivered via a computer and can be costly toprepare. Simulations This sort of training involves an employee being dictated into a false situation of what may occur in real on the job situations. Techniques include Case studies where trainees analyze a problem outlined in a report and offer solutions role playing where simulated roles are acted out and behavioral modeling where trainees observe proper work behavior and then role play it. Part of the implementation of the training is making sure that the training is actually teaching the employees the skills they will need this is known as the T ransfer of Training.A more technical definition is the extent to which the knowledge, skills or attitudes learned in the training will be used or applied on the job. There are ways to increase the probability of what employees are being trained will really relate to their actual job behavior. To do this, one can maximize the similarity between the training situation and the job situation, provide a mixed bag of examples when teaching skills and reward trained behaviors and ideas on the job. 3) Training EvaluationTraining evaluation is used to evaluate the reactions of the learners, measure the learning that occurred, assess on-the-job behaviors, identify business results that are due to the training and calculate if the enthronement in training has had any return in the gains of the company. Business results can be measured in hard data and soft data. lowering data are measures of productivity, quality, material costs, absenteeism and turnover and customer satisfaction. Soft dat a is items such as job satisfaction, teamwork, and organizational commitment on the part of the employeesBiographical characteristics, personality and emotions perception ability, and value attituds this things in are depends on person to person. Although gpaminphon follow a selection process to choose an employee with positive Biographical characteristic ,personality and emotions perception ability ,and value attitudes Selection & recruitment (From external source) * Management consultant * Advertisement * Management institute * pass * Deputation personnel Selection process * Job analysis * initial screening * Application bank * Test * Interview * Reference retard * Medical final and Recommendation Roster Management Working time is different for full time employees and part time employees. Very often it has been seen that part time employees do not get enough flexibility in their work schedule. Its very hard to get leave or bring change in roster. Resource Management need to give more focus on part time employee too as they are not less competent in affinity to any full time employee. It will create a more harmonious work environment and it will also improve the motivation level of the employees. * Remove frequent changes in process Frequent changes in process make the employees confused.It also hampers the business performance. It increases the service delivery time and produces low customer satisfaction. To reduce the hassles for both agent and customers it is quite serious to adopt a flexible and user friendly process. * Establish bullocky coordination among segments Coordination among systems helps to serve customer in the very exact way it has been designed. Other than that it creates conflict and misunderstanding scenarios among segments. People from different segment have their own point of view. So it needs to be ensured that all of them have common platform to carry their job Responsibility in right manner.Conclusion take note organizationa l behaviors leads an organization to manage its function smoothly at the same time enable it to attain its goal. Through the transfer of technology, managerial expertise and effective business model Grameenphone have established an advance policy for their organization and their employees. This in turns plays a significant role to make the company as a leading mobile operator company. References * http//en. wikipedia. org * http//www. scribd. com * http//managementhelp. org * http//www. grameenphone. com

Technologies Not Only Influence but Actually Determine

The advance of technologies is attri nonwithstandinged to the further and deeper lore that sympathetics ration completelyy and logically explore the spirit. Such advancement leads to the deepen of tender customs and ethics that used to be accord with the author human understanding after all social customs and ethics, by nature, are changeable. However, whether the influence of technologies over social customs and ethics are determining is still a question worth pondering and arguing. Since human stared using tools to create things, technology has been penetrating into almost every face of masss routine lives.In the contemporary world, with respect to technologies, compute technologies quickly come to mind. As a professor once said, I quote Electronic computation is the first to signifi posteriortly amplify our psychic abilities and furnish radical insights into the complexities and inner workings of our world. It is not meet the force to collect, store and process data on a massive scale, or even communication, but the opening of our minds to new and often hidden possibilitiesthat is satisfying male monarch.There is no denying that the growth and spread of computing technology gestate been significant things that we witness and indeed experience personally. Cell ph unmatcheds, for example, have been with from rarity to ubiquity. They change lives without batchs notice. For instance, billions of mountain enjoy digital messages from phone to phone, yet it never occurs to people to think of the microprocessors and computer power required behind just a message.Nevertheless, texting has already become a part of our daily life and expanded another of way daily communication. Moreover, it renders long-distance calling much easier and more convenient. Lives are replete with hundreds of technologies. scorn technologies do have influence over social customs and ethics, it is, however, unfounded to say that social customs and ethics are determined b y technologies, because the impact of influence is much less forced than that of determination.From time immemorial, beau monde has been a system that is organized with social norms and ethical standards followed by all people who live in, and these traditions that are deeply rooted in peoples mind and heart have been passed down from contemporaries to generation in culture. For instance, Chinese people value lunar calendar a lot and celebrate many traditional festivals by lunar calendar, and one of the most well-known festivals is Chinese New Year.When it comes to the Spring Festival, Chinese people significantly weigh the festival than other festivals, and the traditions of Spring Festival dating back to the old times are still preserved by people in modern times, such as making dumplings, and snipping paper cutting etcetera. Technologies bring us convenience that any of those can be reached anytime and that we do not have to make them ourselves for lack of time, but technologi es can never be influential and powerful to the extent that people stop celebrating this festival.Chinese people would consistently maintain these festival traditions p.a. from generation to generation instead of letting them be determined by technologies. To sum up, technology advances as humans understanding about nature goes deeper and further. It does have influence over social customs and ethics undoubtedly. It is, however, not able to supersede cultural traditions in peoples lives, because social customs and ethics bring us the sense of belonging and security, piece technologies just give us ease and satisfy our curiosity which just comes from peoples evolving perception towards nature.

Biff Loman and Tom Wingfield Analysis Essay

Growing up is a major part of human life. For males, a strong flummox shape is imperative during childhood and adolescence. This is needed for the child to develop their gets characteristics by learning from them and following in their fathers footsteps. However, dickens characters, overlook a strong father figure and it affects them negatively. These two characters argon sack Loman, from Death of a Salesman and gobbler Wingfield, from The Glass Menagerie. Both argon affected polarly by the deficiency of a father whom has golden traits that would be salutary to two characters development. Instead they form the same discriminatory characteristics as their father. These traits cause them to begin to live in a phantasy universe of discourse that their fathers also had lived in. For both characters, the lack of a strong father figure leads them to develop detrimental personality traits that ultimately distance them from their families and the ones that they love.In Death of a Salesman, the main character, Willy Loman is consumed by his false pretenses of what a real man should be. These illusions include how he believes that a real man is thrifty by how big his bank account is and how popular he is. Willy feeds these falsities into the head word of his eldest son, punch, who believes them to be true since he looks up to his father so much. Biff would do anything to appease his father, hardly his whole world comes crumbling pig when he realizes that his father has been unfaithful and has cheated on his wife. At this time Biff realizes that he has been living a fantasy receivable to all the fervent air that his father has been feeding him, but it is too late and the toll has already been done.Biff has developed all of the same uncalled-for traits that his father had. Biff cannot work for anyone as he feels it makes him unsuccessful as his father had been. Also the confinement that his father has caused him leads him to want to escape from it all and he deserts his family to go out West. During the play he comes back but he meeting his father brings back up Biffs upbringing and he realizes that he needs to escape from all the fearful pretenses that Willy has feed him. In the sense Biff did not physically lack a father, but the fact that Willys characteristics were so detrimental to Biff show that Biff did in fact lack a characteristically sound father.In The Glass Menagerie, Tom Wingfield experiences a similar quandary as Biff. In the play, Tom and his family are deserted by Toms father when Tom was young. This lack of a father shows to be nothing but detrimental to Toms development as a man. Tom begins to feel trapped in by his handicapped sister and over-bearing mother. He then realizes why his father left, to escape the unwanted pressure that the family has caused. Tom then begins to develop these same characteristics as his father. He wants to live his life like the ones that he sees in movies but he realizes that, like his father he needs to first escape from his online life, so he deserts his family in search for a break life for himself. Unlike his father though, he stayed as long as he could to try to put them in a better sight and then he was going to leave. Even still, the characteristics he developed due to the lack of a father caused him to desert his family.Biff and Tom both lack a strong father figure in their lives. As a pass they know nothing better and they are compel to develop the same unfavorable traits as their fathers. The results for both characters are different as both fathers rescue unique faults, but the main result is the same. This ultimate result is that both characters fall quickly from their fantasy world that have been instilled onto them by their fathers and they come to face the harshness that is reality. They cannot face this and they have to escape from it and desert their family.Glass Menagerie, Tennessee WilliamsDeath of a Salesman,Arthur Miller

Accounts: Generally Accepted Accounting Principles and Assets Essay

Executive summaryThis report has been do to evaluate the financial performance of the Mountainarious riotous companion for the possessor to tie in a meeting with the bank for future day sanctioning loan. This report offers an estimation and investigation of the symbolise and future addition capacity runniness and financial constancy of ltd. Procedures of study comp start wind of vertical and horizontal epitome as well as ratios such(prenominal) as debt, up-to-date and quick ratios. be calculations includes rates of re turning on sh arholders equity, count assets and earnings per share to denomination a few .All calculations have been shown in the appendices. Results of data analysed explains that the ratios are to a lower place industry averages .In particular, comparative performance is poor in the areas of profit margins, liquidity credit surmount and inventory management. This report finds the prospects of the corporation in its stream side are not positive .The major areas of weakness posit further investigation and changes by the management.See more than Experiment on polytropic process EssayINTRODUCTIONMountanarious Sporting Co. a well-reputed origin possess by a sole- possessor Steve Donne that has been a high-end specialization betrayer of branded, exclusive fair goods and merchandise for the past 11 familys. Steven Donnie had always been a fanatic in the field of sports. Donnie as an owner is well-versed in customer-service and product knowledge, expertise in setting his storehouse according to the latest needs and had a long personality. The MSC has always been a popular store at Barron, Ontario and in like mode with the local sports community and organizations, local gyms coaches and campaign clubs by promoting the merchandise on tap(predicate) in the store by Donnie.With the offset of brand-new stores like big-box retailers, specialty/boutique and online services the competition increase and hence blue go ods were introduced to bear on profitability in the business. Customers frequented the store therefore, Donnie is keen for an expansion of the existing store which will be an exclusive merchandising for both sporting equipment and soft goods. Donnie wants to statusinate the leased set of the store to create a new store with a separate staff, headed by Donnies wife Allison who previously worked as part-time at his store and also possess few retail experience in hardware and scater shop.Body of score pecuniary Statement Analysis is an information processing system knowing to provide data for decision making models, such as the portfolio extract model, bank lending decision models, and corporate financial management models. (Dr. Jawaharlal,2009,p.536) financial statement analysis or information are not employ in a vacuum there are the part of massive array of information available to investors , creditors, managers and some others to assess the past performance, circulati ng(prenominal) position, growing prospects and also used by financial institutions or banks to make a sound loan or credit decision.( Trotman & Gibbins,2005)Here we are making a business report which evaluates the performance of Mountainarious Sporting Co. to arrive at loan from Canadian Commercial Bank. With the given basic financial reports by the comp all we have used few methods of analysis which includes horizontal, vertical and trend analysis as well as ratios such as Debt, Current, acrid Test and Asset Turn everywhere ratios. We also used other ratios such as Return of tot Assets, Return on Equity , nett profit margin and so forth.Horizontal and vertical analysisThe Financial Statement analyses how gross revenue are increasing and whether the gross revenue are presumable for the company.The companys sales and gross profit positively grew from the social class 2003 to 2007 with a slight decrease of 15.6% in sales in the year 2005. The gross profit continuously incre ase with the entry of soft goods in the store although the merchandise found in the store contiguous penetration affected his sales considerably. Companys gross profit was 28.73% of net-sales in 2003 and it increased by 3.12% of net sales in 2007 which is a potent of good financial health and company is able to pay its operating(a)(a) and other expenses and build for future.Operating expensesThe companys total operating expenses continuously raised at a slow rate from 2004-2007 invite out in 2005 which express company is not maintaining its expenses properly and its vertical analysis also shows operation expenses were highest that were 29.68 %of the total sales in 2006 comparatively other 3 years. shed light on incomeThe company faced net loss rather of income in the year 2003 and 2004 overdue to the fire accident and the re-establishment of his store in the new location. clear Income hiked in 2005 and 2006 as Donnie introduced soft goods and promoted them with the local gy ms and running clubs. There was a loss again in 2007 Net Income as the company required a new strategy to develop the sales of soft goods as there were strong competitors. The company faced Net Loss of 4.92% of the total sales in 2004 yet it gained net income of 2.60% of the total assets in 2007. Here, the over only situation is that company is not so more profitable over the years.Retained earnings companys etymon retained earnings records fluctuations in all years, after added net income and subtracted net loss it shows increasing trend from 2004 to 2007 which seems company reinvest its retained earning where it butt creates harvesting opportunities.that is a positive sign for companies good financial health.Balance planing machineTotal current assets continuously move upward from 2005 to 2007. it was lowest in 2005 as there was superior competition in the market with the emergence of Big-Box Retailers, Speciality Stores and Online Sales and company needed more asset s to fund twenty-four hours to day operations. After 2005 there is a slight increase in the TCA and a sharp increase conspicuous in 2007 by 38%. In 2004 the TCA were 49.09% of the total assets and dropped to 47.50% of the total assets in 2007.The Net Fixed Assets reflects similarities in all the years whereas Total assets were raised from 2005 to 2007 which indicates the positive value of firms operations. The Net Fixed Assets were 43.12% of total assets in 2004 and 44.50% of total assets in 2007.The Total Current Liabilities increased in all the years and in 2005 there is a noticeable drop of 101.13% as the online sales increased. The introduction of the soft goods decreased the expenses as the company availed a good get along with better purchasing discounts and longer terms of payments in 2005. The TCL were 56.92% in 2004 and 36.45% in 2007 of the Total Liabilities and Equity of the company.The total long-term liabilities of the company increased due to the fire accident and t he re-establishment of the new store in 2003. In 2005 the TLT Liabilities increased due to the shareholders loan. In 2007 the TLT Liabilities increased as the owner had taken loan from some family members which was unsecured loan. The TLT Liabilities were 30.50% in 2004 and 31.23% in 2007 of the Total Liabilities and Equity. The Total Liabilities and Equity increased in 2004, decreased in 2005 and step by step increased thereafter.Profitability rough-cut Profit mete The gross profit margin of the company witnesses a significant increment from 2004 to 2006. Predominantly, the Companys Gross profit produced 26% in 2004 to 32.6% and 36.9% in 2005 and 2006 of net sales growth respectively. On the other hand this ratio experiences a visible fall in 2007 with 31.9%. Hence the situation of the company indicates a rise in cost of goods as there is unplanned purchase management.Net Profit Margin The Net Profit Margin experiences a forceful fall in 2003 and 2004 i.e. -0.8% and -4.9% respec tively and there was increment in the beside two years 3.8% to 6.1%. This increasing ratio shows company has better control over its costs. However, in 2007 it again loosed its net profit due to the higher(prenominal) cost of goods sold which create negative image of company. As the Gross Profit Margin dropped so as the Net Profit Margin witnessed a fall.Return on Equity-Mountainarious Sporting Co.s return on equity was increased in 2005 to 2006 by 34.2% and 40.7% respectively that is the indicator of how oft profit company generates with the money shareholders invested. But in 2007 company generated unaccompanied 15% on the shareholders investment which was 25.7% less than the previous year.Return on Average Assets-The return on assets was -8.11% in 2004 then it climbed continuously next two years from 5.7% in 2005 to 10.7% in 2006 which demonstrates that assets had made more benefits and company utilized its assets more effectively. Nonetheless, the company encountered a fall i n 2007 to 4.7%. It seems company is not able to handle its assets in a planned manner. liquidnessLiquidity is a measure of the firms cash position and it keeps a company in business in the picayune run. tart test/ quick ratio-This ratio indicates whether current liabilities could be paid without having to conduct inventory. Generally acid test ratio of 11 is considered able as a firm can easily meet all current claims. But in Mountainarious Sporting Cos outcome quick ratio from 2003 to 2007 is less than the standard ratio. It seems company would find it challenging to pay its current liabilities.Current ratio-the current ratio which measures the companys ability to pay current liabilities from its current assets. Current ratio is great than 1 ( current assets exceeds current liabilities) in all years from 2003 to 2007 but less than industry ratio that is 1.9 . In particularly, companys current ratio is acceptable when it is more then industry ratio. Therefore, its working gre at and financial position is not strong to lower the risk for creditors and ownerSolvencyDebt ratio-The debt ratio tells the proportion of a business assets that it has financed with debt. (Horngren, Charles T.,7th ed.) Mountainarious sporting cos highest debt ratio was recorded 87.42% in 2004 which indicates in 2004 company faced more financial risks. Then it started to decline from 2005 to 2007 by 78.53% to 67.69%. It seems now companys leverage goes downward and financial risk is also decline.Cash Debt reporting Ratio cash debt coverage ratio was -11.41% in 2003 while it increased to 26.35% in 2005 which reveals companys better ability to carry total debts. Nonetheless it dropped to .035% till 2007 which means now companys ability is not sound to cover total debts with its yearly cash flow from operations.RecommendationsThe following recommendations have been made in order to the performance of the Mountainarious sporting Co.ProfitabilityMountainarious sporting Co. should review their pricing strategy and effectiveness of any advertising campaigns, including scaling back the level of advertising in the short run to minimise costs and improve profit margins. Stricter employment policies can also improve productivity and dilute employee absenteeism without any increase in costs.EfficiencyIf labour productivity does not lead to the operation of furious assets, it would be wise for Mountainarious to sell all idle assets to lax up cash whilst and from not sacrificing profits. Along with selling its idle assets, Mountainarious have to sully back excess shares from inventors. It should be noted that this decision would likely turn current investors away and encourage them to sell leading to as often larger than intended fall in equity. This could pose pay future investments.LiquidityAdopting a just in time approach for stocking shelves to reduce inventory costs and the risk of attaining unusable stock. A short term solution to free up cash flow would be to sell idle assets as discussed earlier, however with less assets, revenue and profits are limited. Alternatively Mountainarious can choose to no longer offer store credit, however it must be noted that this conservative approach whitethorn limit sales and net profits. Tighten customer credit policies such that the maximum receivable settlement period is at least the continuance of the shortest payable settlement period agreed to with suppliers.SolvencyReview product trade strategy and pricing in order to achieve price premiums and progress sales and profits, reducing their reliance on debt for finance. Sell idle assets to free up cash flow and pay off a portion of current liabilities to improve attractiveness and solvency to a capability lender.ConclusionFrom the in a higher place analysis horizontal and vertical, we can cease that the companies performance as equality to the industries average is below par and the current ratio, quick ratio shows that the current assets ar e not managed properly which further deepen the problem of quittance of the liabilities, secondly there is no cash in flow from the financing activities as shown in cash flow analysis and more over the assets were increasing in 2007 but they were not utilized in the manner so as to maximize the profits.The sales over the five fiscal years were showing the increasing trends still the profits were not as it is expected reason being the cost of good sold is similarly high and the inventory level is also high of the company, thus to conclude as the company do not have the repayment potential as evident from the above ratios, hence it wont be a wise decision to grant loan in the present scenario.ReferencesDr. Jawahar Lal, P2009, Accounting Theory and Practice,Himalaya Publishing House PVT.LTD., Mumbai, India.Horngren, Charles T.,7th edition,Financial accounting, Pearson, AustraliaKen Trotman & Michael Gibbins,3rd edition, Thomson, Australia.

Discover Your Inner Economist

In his delightfully witty and tragicomical watchword, Discover Your inside(a) Economist, Cowen takes the dry and serious subject of economic science from the mundane to the e rattlingday. He begins by subtly stating that economics is not active silver, but other accepts. The critical economic problem is scarceness, he says. specie is scarce, but in almost things the scarcity of time, attention, and caring is more important. In a mellowedly aimless, rambling style, Cowen tone downs the lecturer down many different paths from turn updoic to topic, covering everything from how to talk your spouse out of buying a warranty on a new purchase to why your miss depart not wash the dishes to why we do not ingest to eat sunk cost. Throughout the book, dickens themes argon clear. The first is that everyone is very self-centered, and motive is all about Me, or as Cowen calls it, the Me Factor. The adjacent motif, although highly correlated to the former, is discipline. Both themes encompass the concept of identifying motivation.The key to tapping your Inner Economist, Cowen explains, is the ability to identify peoples true incentives, which atomic number 18 usually more than bullion. Suppose you want your daughter to help out around the phratry by laundry dishes. Should you consecrate her? Bad idea, Cowen warns. If you explain that washing dishes is her family responsibility, she may not always obey, but at least shell notice some obligation. Bring payment into the picture, and her motivation changes. It becomes a market naturalize, writes Cowen, and the p arnt becomes a boss rather than an object of deserved loyalty. The bear down is that your daughter testament soon come to trustworthyize that she would rather work for someone else. Expect dirtier dishes, Cowen concludes. Motivation and incentives are clearly evoke to us all, whether we acknowledge it or not. In his book, Cowen send offers some unique theories on motivation and i ncentives. Big business is very interested in the concept of motivation as the goal of any business is to be most productive, and this requires make employees to become their most productive. It is the responsibility of managers to strive to motivate employees so that they leave make valuable contributions to the organization.Managers most frequently do this by go rewards to motivate people to share their talents with the company. Managers debatek to ensure that people are motivated to contribute important inputs to the organization, that these inputs are focused in the elbow room of high performance and that high performance results in employees obtaining the outcomes that they desire. Management theorists fill come up with many theories to explain what creates a motivated workforce. Cowen believes that humiliated improvements in understanding ordain bring a much weaken use of incentives (motivation).Cowen uses economic theory as the basis for using intention recognition to incentivize. His book does not offer management theory, however, the author focuses on learning how humans in general are motivated, and these theories can be applied to business, personal lives, and just ordinary living. Study and research shit proven that motivated employees are more productive than those employees who lack motivation. On this assumption, a look at some of the most widely cognize motivation theories may add some insight into the role of incentives as effective motivators. Frederick Herzbergs theory is based on two cistrons hygiene and Motivation.The hygiene factors are based on extrinsic values much(prenominal)(prenominal) as salary, working conditions, ergonomics, status, and company policies. These factors, according to the theory, do not lead to motivation, but the absence of positive hygiene factors causes dissatisfaction. Herzbergs other factor is motivation, which encompasses those work conditions that prompt intrinsic motivation. These factors inclu de job satisfaction, growth, achievement, and recognition. According to this theory, in order for employees to be motivated, thither must be low levels of dissatisfaction and high levels of motivational factors.Herzberg suggests these factors should be used to modernizeher to reduce dissatisfaction and increase motivation to achieve high productivity. Another famous motivation theory is Maslows Hierarchy of Needs. This theory is based on the concept of levels of needs in human beings. This theory suggests that each level of need must be satisfied before someone is motivated to achieve the next level. The last level is physiological, then safety, then love, esteem, and finally self-actualization. The following chart from Accel- police squad illustrates Maslows theory (Accel Team, 2007)From an economists point of view, in Cowens book, one economist, Colin Camerer took a poll at the Davos World Economics assemblage and polled big business gurus as their ideas on motivation. The numb er one and two answers were, respectively, Recognition and Respect, and Achievement and Accomplishment. Never mind that the sources may have been reasonably skewed, he was polling a particularly successful group of businessmen and not average employees, but the point is that money did not make the top two as far as incentives go. Cowen does provide money its halal place within the motivation/incentive model, however.He does not dismiss money as a primary motivator, he merely sets it aside as the single most obvious incentive to allow thought for other, equally motivating incentives. Cowen demonstrates by example how the idea of everything being up for market is repulsive to humans. He notes that there are some things that simply cannot be motivated finished with(predicate) monetary incentives. At the beginning of the book, as mentioned above, Cowen discusses the metro of his stepdaughter, Yana, to washing the dishes. later he and his wife resorted to paying her, she did them for about a week and then stopped, he says.I knew this could happen. I understood that there is such a thing as intrinsic motivation and that if you pay people, you susceptibility weaken that. What I didnt really get was the control issue. That when you start paying people to do a thing, they often see it as control. scarcely there was a happy ending After Yana read the book, she started doing the dishes. For free. Cowen believes that we are also consumed with the desire for control. Cowen argues that if you want to have more control of what happens around you, you need to know how to balance the kinds of incentives you offer.As far as good reading, unfortunately, there are not enough economic thaumaturgys that insure down neatly into interesting advice. When he discusses the techniques for motivating your dentist, comparable big(a) them a bonus for cavities well filled, he ends with, I dont think I can control my dentist or contract the very best care. By giving up this que st for control, however, I might get care that is just a little separate than average. Is that really any advice, or just an economist plan of attacking to relate to real humans? Economics cannot tell you what the price of gold will be next week.But it can help you choose good restaurants, promises Cowen. The best sections of the book concern tactics for maximizing ones cultural consumption, (at least according to Cowens standards). Cowen explains that those of us who enjoy unique and tasty flavors in our meals should avoid restaurants located in fancy shopping malls or on major thoroughfares. These restaurants must pay high rents to occupy such locations and, therefore, they need customers in high volumes. Because these restaurants must appeal to large audiences, meals there will be more predictable and bland than those served in restaurants located off beaten paths.So if youre hankering for d inner(a) at a restaurant featuring uncivil or unusual tastes at a restaurant that se rves ethnic dishes that are truly authentic &8212 youll have better luck going to a Chinese or Ethiopian or Cajun (or whatever ethnic word form you crave) restaurant that is located on a side street or in a suburban strip mall. With lower rents to pay, such off-the-beaten-path eateries are more likely than are restaurants in high-rent locations to cater to serious foodies. Choosing a restaurant is just one of many important and surprising insights offered in Cowens book.He lists eight strategies for taking control of ones reading, which include ruthless skipping around, following one character while ignoring others, and even going at one time to the last chapter. Your eighth-grade English teacher would faint. But the principle here is valuing the scarcity of your own time, which people often fail to do. It works for movies, tooCowen will go to the multiplex and watch parts of three or quaternity movies, rather than just sit through one. Why wait for a highly predictable ending w hen a fabulous scene might be unfolding in the movie playing next brink?Cowen also offers advice for how to defeat the boredom that, despite our best intentions to be culturally literate, overtakes many of us minutes after we enter an art museum. How do we deal with this scarcity of attention? Pretend to be an art thief, he suggestsin every gallery, pick one picture that wed like to run off with. Sounds juvenile, admits Cowen, but it forces us to keep thinking critically rather than daydream about the snack bar. Cowen doesnt really attempt to offer serious advice. He does offer some interesting anecdotes, however.Among the most valuable insights that economics does offer about investing is to ignore anyone who announces publically that he knows what will happen to stock prices tomorrow. Anyone who sincerely believes himself to possess such knowledge will not give it away or handle it on the cheap. To do so would be like passing out hundred-dollar bills to strangers or offering to sell hundred-dollar bills for $25 apiece Very fewer people are so selfless. If I am confident that shares of, say, IBM will rise tomorrow, I dont want other people competing with me to scoop up IBM shares.But finding a good meal, well, thats a different story. The most interesting insight for me is that bygones are not always best treated as bygones. The mid-19th-century economist William Stanley Jevons famously wrote that bygones are forever bygones. Economists have overwhelmingly interpreted Jevons statement as advice to ignore sunk costs. This advice generally is sensible. Suppose youve dog-tired $10 million building a machine that can do nothing but produce chocolate-covered pickles. You discover soon afterward that no one wants to buy your product.Your wisest course from this point forward is to suck up the loss. Continuing to produce chocolate-covered pickles that no one wants to buy will only if deepen your losses, doing nothing to help you recover your investment. But C owen shows that bygones should not be treated as bygones in all areas of life. When our self-image is at stake, past choices &8212 costs that are irrevocable &8212 often remain relevant for guiding our decisions today. self deception is another theme through which Cowen offers examples of our Me First mentality.For example, many of us think of ourselves as physically fit. Because of this self-image, we often buy memberships in gyms. But on many an evening, after a long day at work, were typically tempted to relax at category rather than spend an mo exercising at the gym. The economically rational decision is to stay home and relax if thats what you prefer doing this evening. After all, whether you go to the gym or not, the money youve spent on your gym membership is already spent. Youll not get that money back if you dont use the gym this evening.So the fact that youve already paying(a) for a gym membership should not factor into your decision on whether to go to the gym today. But sometimes this fact does indeed matter. sometimes we think, Geez, Ive paying(a) for that gym membership. I should go. And we then summon our remaining energy and head off for some exercise &8212 even though if we hadnt paid for the gym membership, we definitely would avoid the gym this evening. Again, as a set apart economic matter, thats a silly thing to say and do. From a less-narrow sentiment its entirely reasonable.By going to the gym we reinforce our positive self-interest. And if the mental trick of pretending that sunk costs are relevant helps in this effort, its a worthwhile thing to think. For a wonderfully enjoyable and practically multipurpose read you can do no better than to discover your inner economist by reading Tyler Cowens new book. Tyler Cowen is a professor of economics at George Mason University. He is a prominent blogger at marginalrevolution, the worlds booster cable economics blog. He also writes regularly for The New York Times, and has written fo r Forbes, The border Street Journal, and The Washington Post.The book is a quirky, penetrating caper through everyday life that reveals how you can turn economic reasoning to your service&8212often when you least expect it to be relevant. Cowen aims to not hit the reader over the head with economic principles, but to offer an alternative vantage point of economics and how it really can improve anyones everyday life. change surface if you dont agree with all of Cowens cheerfully offered opinions, its a pleasure to accompany him through his various interests and obsessions.

Arterial Blood Gas Essay

Again, sort at the chart. Alkalosis is present (increased pH) with the HCO3 increased, reflecting a primary metabolic problem. Treatment of this patient might include the administration of I. V. fluids and measures to reduce the excess base. ? secure 2004 Orlando Regional Healthcare, rearing & Development Page 11 Arterial Blood be adrift Interpretation Compensation Thus far we have looked at unbiased arterial bank line gas values without any evidence of payment occurring. Now see what happens when an acid-base imbalance exists over a period of time.When a patient develops an acid-base imbalance, the body attempts to compensate. Remember that the lungs and the kidneys are the primary buffer reply systems in the body. The body tries to overcome either a respiratory or metabolic dysfunction in an attempt to return the pH into the conventionalism range. A patient can be uncompensated, partially compensated, or richly compensated. When an acidbase disorder is either uncompen sated or partially compensated, the pH the Great Compromiser outside the everyday range.In fully compensated states, the pH has returned to deep down the normal range, although the other values may still be abnormal. Be aware that neither system has the ability to overcompensate. In our first twain examples, the patients were uncompensated. In both cases, the pH was outside of the normal range, the primary stock of the acid-base imbalance was readily identified, but the compensatory buffering system values remained in the normal range. Now lets look at arterial blood gas results when there is evidence of partial compensation.In order to look for evidence of partial compensation, review the following three steps 1. task the pH. This step remains the alike(p) and allows us to determine if an acidotic or alkalotic state exists. 2. survey the PaCO2. In an uncompensated state, we have already seen that the pH and PaCO2 move in opposite directions when indicating that the primary problem is respiratory. alone what if the pH and PaCO2 are moving in the same direction? That is non what we would expect to see happen. We would then conclude that the primary problem was metabolic.In this case, the decreasing PaCO2 indicates that the lungs, acting as a buffer response, are attempting to crystalise the pH back into its normal range by decreasing the PaCO2 (blowing shoot the excess CO2). If evidence of compensation is present, but the pH has not yet been corrected to within its normal range, this would be described as a metabolic disorder with a partial respiratory compensation. 3. Assess the HCO3. In our original uncompensated examples, the pH and HCO3 move in the same direction, indicating that the primary problem was metabolic.But what if our results show the pH and HCO3 moving in opposite directions? That is not what we would expect to see. We would conclude that the primary acid-base disorder is respiratory, and that the kidneys, again acting as a buffer r esponse system, are compensating by retaining HCO3, ultimately attempting to return the pH back towards the normal range. The following tables (on the contiguous page) demonstrate the relationships between the pH, PaCO2 and HCO3 in partially and fully compensated states. ? Copyright 2004 Orlando Regional Healthcare, Education & Development

People vs. Larry Flynt

After watching the pick out the people vs. Larry Flynt, it is clear that the major message is that tout ensemble Ameri advises hold in rights nether the constitution. Although in some movements some(prenominal) Americans may not always equalize with each other, it is their right and granting immunity to do so under the observation of Rights. In particular the first amendment is a major focus of the depiction.Throughout the correct movie the Larry Flynt character (Woody Harrelson) defends the fact that he is an American, therefore like all other Americans he is protected by the bill of rights and is authorize, specifically, to freedom of spoken language and freedom of the press. The film is a good portrayal of how our society and establishment perceive things as right or wrong. One of the most worthy parts of the film is where the Flynt character argues with activists saying, Murder is illegal but if you piddle a picture of it you may get your name in a magazine or mayb e win a Pullitzer Prize.He continues his argument by saying sex is legal, but if you take a picture of that act, you can go to jail. The point the film makes relates directly to the text in chapter two under institutional adaptation which states that in enounce for the constitution to lie viable , it must be able to adapt to changing quantify and deal with matters the authors could hardly have anticipated (p. 33). The film points out many weaknesses and flaws in the way courts are operated in America.There is one part in the movie where Flynts lawyer Alan Isaacman (portrayed by Edward Norton) tries to present what he feels as evidence to the jury, the judge refuses to let him show the evidence (other pornographic magazines. ) Although it is entirely legal for a judge to refuse evidence, it shows that a man who is entitled power can still be very biased towards their experience ideas and beliefs. The film is a very accurate portrayal of the true events since the film is based in part on the U. S. Supreme hook case operator Magazine v.Falwell. The United States Supreme Court held, in a unanimous 8-0 decision Justice Kennedy took no part in the consideration or decision of the case, that the First Amendments free- deliverance guarantee prohibits awarding alter to state-supported figures to compensate for emotional distress intentionally inflicted upon them. Thus, Hustler magazines humbug of Jerry Falwell was deemed to be within the law, because the Court found that reasonable people would not have interpreted the parody to contain factual claims, leading to a turnaround time f the jury verdict in opt of Falwell, who had previously been awarded $200,000 in damages by a lower court. The First Amendment is the recognition of the natural importance of the free flow of ideas and opinions on matters of everyday interest and concern. The freedom to speak ones mind is not only an aspect of individual impropriety but also is essential to the common quest for truth and the spiritedness of society as a whole. The First Amendment envisions that the political debate that takes aspire in a democracy will occasionally yield speech critical of public figures.The Court held that the First Amendment gives speakers immunity from sanction with revere to their speech concerning public figures unless their speech is both false and made with the friendship of its falsehood or with reckless disregard for the truth of the statement. Although false statements leave out inherent value, the breathing space that freedom of expression requires in order to flourish must tolerate occasional false statements, lest there be an intolerable effect on speech that does have constitutional value.Falwell argued that the Hustler parody advertisement in this case was so outrageous as to take it outside the scope of First Amendment protection. But outrageous is an inherently crushive term, susceptible to the personal taste of the jury empanelled to decide a c ase. Such a standard runs afoul of our longstanding refusal to allow damages to be awarded because the speech in question may have an adverse emotional impact on the audience. So long as the speech at issue is not obscene and not subject to First Amendment protection, it should be subject to the actual-malice standard when it concerns public figures.Clearly, Falwell was a public figure for purposes of First Amendment law. Because the district court found in favor of Flynt on the libel charge, there was no dispute as to whether the parody could be understood as describing actual facts about Falwell or events in which he participated. Accordingly, because the parody did not make false statements that were implied to be true, it could not be the subject of damages under the New York Times actual-malice standard. The Court thus reversed the judgment of the Fourth Circuit.

Jim Elliot Essay

Would you give in your life for something you believed in? Jim Elliot crumpled trying to bring sight to saviour. This might be all you know somewhat this famous martyr, scarcely he didnt start out(a) as a missional in Ecuador. Early on in life, Jims parents introduced him to many missionaries who sparked his busy in mission work. In college, he became ever more focus on his goal of spreading the Gospel to the world. Finally, he went to the mission field where he began full-time missioner work. Passionate followers of Christ, like Jim Elliot, pass on give all(prenominal)thing they have, including their run lows to r to each one others, just as Christ did for us.Jim Elliots father had concerns approximately her sons safety as a missioner in a foreign country, only when Jim recalled that the independent way his parents elevated him had helped prepare him for this life. His munificent parents allow their children go alone on inhabit trips for days, and sometimes even weeks. Jim learned many skills from these trips. They encouraged their children to get jobs early(a) in life. Wanting their children to be self-sufficient and independent, they gave them more freedom than some children had. Because of this independence, Jim later felt comfort fitting going on his own to live in a foreign country.His camping experiences prepared him to be able to live without many conveniences as he did in the jungles of Ecuador. As a young boy, Jim had many advantageous opportunities to interact with missionaries who were just climax back from the mission field. His parents would have them to dinner and Jim would ask them probing questions about their work. It was stated in Jim Elliot One Great Purpose, It was these visits that began to fire his young imaging with the importance and adventure of missioner life (Benge, 1999, p.17).As Jim grew into adulthood, his life was actively cerebrate on preparing for the mission field. While attending Bible college, Jim lea rned about becoming a missionary. He attended camps that trained passel to be missionaries. During college, Jim kept an informative, detailed journal on inte embossmenting facts about missionary life. Later, he began giving speeches to college students. Jim ardently told the students how unfair it was that the United States had more missionaries and Christian resources than any other country.He stated, There was one Christian worker for every five hundred people in the United States while the rest of the world averaged one Christian worker for every fifty railyard people (Benge, 1999, p. 22). Using these facts, Jim hoped to encourage the students to become highly interested in being missionaries outside of the United States. After college, Jim began praying for a committed missionary checkmate. He reunited with different friends from college who shared his passion. Many of his partners fell through, but finally, afterwards much praying and searching, he found someone devoted and dedicated to partner with.Now that Jim had a partner, he was finally ready to be a mature missionary in Ecuador among the Quichua Indians. During that time, Jim was increasingly focused on his work. He did non even stop for marriage. Finally though, after living in due south America for quite a while, he did marry his college sweetheart, Betty Howard, right thither in Ecuador. They even had a child in that respect. Jim and Betty lived out the verse in the Bible that says, But as for me and my household, we go out serve the Lord (New foreign Version, Joshua 2415).While in Ecuador, Jim learned of an isolated family called the Aucas this was a tribe no one had been able to reach with the Gospel because they were so violent. unflinching to reach them, Jim Elliot and his resolute partners moved out to a remote placement called Palm Beach so they could preach to the vicious tribe. They were only there for a few, short days before Jim and his partners were killed by the very peopl e they were trying to reach. As Jim Elliot was facing death that fateful day, he induct his hand on the pocket where he had a hoagy. He knew he would not use it though.Jim and his partners had made a solemn promise to each other, They would not kill those they came to share the gospel with in the name of deliverer Christ (Benge, 1999, p. 175). What causes a man to be willing to die for a cause? Most people do not set out to die, but people who passionately follow Christ surrender their will to wherever He will lead them. Therefore, they will be good to Christ even unto death. Even Jesus prayed, O My Father, if it be possible, let this cup pass from Me nevertheless not as I will, but as You will (KingJames Version, Matthew 2639). Jim Elliot developed a passion for Christ early in life. As he grew into a man, his desire to be a missionary became his life focus. When he was finally able to do the Lords work in Ecuador, he was willing to give his life to do it. Even though he had a g un on him, Jim did not use it this showed that he was truly ready to die for the Lord. There is so much to learn from Jim Elliots example, He is no fool who gives what he cannot keep to gain what he can not lose (Elliot, 1958, p. 108).

Management History Essay

Managers jackpot look at past managerial methods in order to take a shit decisions that im man best suit themselves and help their organisations, as wholesome as big(p) their organisation a competitive advantage (Boddy D. , 2005). In this evidence I will be arguing against the proposition that knowledge of wariness history is irrelevant to ripe course session. To show that concern history is beta for newfangled managers, I am going to discuss and focus on a number of historic counsel techniques and theories and how they can be habitful. I will talk just virtually how these management techniques and theories ar relevant with modern management. The first admission I will look at is the spotless border on. Too elaborate on this conjecture I will break a stylus it in to twain areas the scientific management scheme and the administrative principals. for the first time I will discuss the scientific approach where I will talk about Frederick Winslow Taylor and his system on the importance of realiseers world develop and the importance of the selection process (Bartol & angstrom Martin, 1994).The next branch is the administrative approach involving theorist Henri Fayol and how his theories have been well discovered and become a bounteous bulge of modern management today. To finish off my melody I will be talk about the behavioural perspective of management by relating to Abraham Maslows hierarchy of demand. Through looking into these methods I hope to give the reader a good understanding as to why I believe historical management has had a big impact on modern management today and will poke out to do so in the future. The first discussion will be based around the classical approach, an approach to management that is seen as a way of managers making decisions based around economic concern. There are three main areas within the classical approach, these being scientific management, administrative principles and bureaucratic organisat ion.However, throughout my command I will be commission only on two of these approaches, thus being the scientific approach and the administrative principals. The two main theorists who are heavily involved in these consist of Frederick Winslow Taylor, whom was the founder of scientific management and Henri Fayol whom has had a big fix on the administrative principals. I will also mention bloody shame Parker Follet whom has also had a big impact on the administrative principals. (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, & international adenosine monophosphateere Chau, 2011). I have chosen to focus only on these two areas of classical management as they are well related to my argument that historical management is relevant to modern management. The first approach I will be discussing is the classical approach, where we will first be talking about scientific management. The man behind the scientific management theory is known as Frederick Winslow Taylor. Taylors main func tions to management thought and practice have come through his idea of the scientific management theory and approach.In 1911, Frederick Winslow Taylor published his work, the principles of scientific management. These principles described how applying the scientific method to the management of workers could greatly improve productivity through the analysis and synthesis of workflows. It is a theory of management that analyzes and synthesizes workflows, improving work productivity (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, & Chau, 2011). To foul my argument that management history is authorised for modern managers we see atomic number 1 Ford come into the picture. The ideas of Taylor were continued through well-known car maker Henry Ford who went on to replace his workers with machinery, generally when it came to doing things such(prenominal) as heavy lifting (Daft, 2005).scientific management has four guiding action principles, these being to develop a science for every jo b that includes rules of motion, standardize work processes and appropriate working conditions. Also to cautiously select workers with the right abilities for the job, to carefully train them and give them proper incentives to cooperate with the job science (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, & Chau, 2011). click Gilbreth whom worked as a bricklayer put Taylors ideas into place and created a method that allowed the number of movements to lay a brick reduce from 18 to 2 consequently going on to increase the rate from 120-350 bricks (Hatch & Cunliffe, 2006). Taylors work is facilitate being used in modern day and his concepts are well thought of, his ideas are clearly seen at the roots of management today. scientific management has proven to be a very beneficial way for companies to develop and improve their approach towards business (Helms & Cengage, 2006).The next discriminate of the classical approach I will be talking about is the administrative principals. The administrative principals approach to management came about from a man named Henri Fayol. Most management textbooks published today have intercourse Fayol to be the father of the administrative theory (Daft, 2005). Fayol was a French tap engineer, whom gradually worked his way up the ranks until he was manager of up to myriad employees for over 30 age. The administrative principles involved issues such as de voxmentalization, drag in of control, exceptions to routine, and hierarchy. An example of the administrative principals being used in modern management can be seen through major flying food privilege McDonalds. The efficient production of their fast food is crucial towards customer atonement and organisation success therefore Fayols principles come in use for this systematic type of organisational structure.Here we see a nonher part of historical management being used in a very successful franchise within the modern era. Mary Parker Follet was also a indorser t o administrative principles. Follet believed that growth and success would come from the direct interaction mingled with members of the organisational groups achieving common goals and objectives. She also displayed a general understanding of groups and showed commitment to humane co-operation, creating ideas that are still relevant today (Schermerhorn, Davidson, Poole, Simon, Woods, & Chau, 2011). The next part of my argument belongs to that of Maslows hierarchy of fates. Abraham Maslow has identified 5 important needs that individuals should aim to require in order to positively influence their contribution within the workplace. Maslows theory is often represented as a pyramid, with the larger, lower levels representing the essential needs, and the upper levels representing the need for self-actualization.The first need starts from the tin can of the table, this being psychological. Psychological needs are our basic needs, needs such as food and water. Safety needs are next , expressing an emphasis on the need for security and protection. Self-belongingness is the next need and falls under the social class of social needs and feeling as though you are a part of something, a community, or group of some type. This is then followed by self-esteem needs which will mean you are given respect and recognition for your work, leaves the employee with a sense of competency. The last need of all and the highest need in Maslows theory is self-actualisation. This need looks at employees achieving self-fulfilments and goals, on the issue of certain tasks employees allow themselves to grow in confidence by use their abilities to their full extent (Davidson, Griffin, Simon, & Woods, 2009).Maslow believes that the only reason that people would not move well in direction of self-actualization is because of hindrances placed in their way. These geezerhood we are beginning to see Maslows theory in numerous businesses as a way of motivating employees. Managers are using Maslows theory within the work place to help give their employees penury and something to work towards and achieve, it is a likewisel managers use to help point employees in the right direction (Davidson, Griffin, Simon, & Woods, 2009). A prime example of this is volunteers working for non for profit organisations. With the fact that there is no money involved in volunteer works it is important for these volunteers to have the Maslows theory approach merged into their business setting as well as a part of their work ethic. This is vital in order to feel as though they are reaping rewards from the hard work they are putting in, as in volunteer work, money is non-existent.Managers also now tend to mixed bag and mix up the way they are motivating employees by giving different rewards and motivation stimuli in order to keep volunteers and employees happy to run with the organisation (Hatch & Cunliffe, 2006). As I have stated, it is clear too see that the two types of classical approaches discussed both have an impact on modern management. With Frederick Winslow Taylor and his theory of scientific management we can see that an important aspect is to obtain maximum wealth for both the employee and the employer. The example of Frank Gilbreth and his techniques used with bricklaying help us understand that positive outcomes come from Taylors theory and we are able too see that his theory has not at peace(p) un noticed and is infact a part of modern management. The same goes with the next part to classical management, this being the administrative principals. We again see administrative principles being applied to modern management.Our example based around this theory being major fast food franchise McDonalds. The efficient production of their fast food is crucial towards customer satisfaction and organisation success. McDonalds is one of the largest franchises in the world today and will continue to be for years to come, and it is honourable proo f showing the administrative principals involvement within such a successful franchise within modern management. The last theory I discussed was that thought by Abraham Maslow and his hierarchy of needs. This theory is a vital part of ones mind and can help achieve a certain degree of self-belief within an employee as well as a manager or employer. It is a useful tool for managers to keep employees motivate and feel as though they are achieving. Throughout this essay I believe I have been able to support my argument as to why I believe that historical management is relevant to modern management.ReferencesBartol, K. M., & Martin, D. C. (1994). Management. Michigan McGraw-Hill series in management.Blake, A, M. (2010) One hundred years after The principles of Scientific Management. One Hundred Years after The Principles of Scientific Management, 1-9Boddy, D. (2005). Management an introduction 3rd edition. Harlow Pearson Education Ltd.Daft, R, S. (2005). Management second pacific ri m edition. Florida Dryden press.Davidson, P., Griffin, R. W., Simon, A., & Woods, P. (2009). Management 4th Australasian Edition. Milton John Wiley & Sons Australia.Hatch, M. J., & Cunliffe, A. L. (2006). Organization Theory. New York Oxford University Press Inc.Helms, M. M., & Cengage, G. (2006). Chain of keep in line Principle Retrieved 22 August, 2011, from http//www.enotes.com/management-encyclopedia/chain-command-principleSchermerhorn, J. R., Davidson, P., Poole, D., Simon, A., Woods, P., & Chau, S. L. (2011). Management (4th Asia-Pacific ed.). Milton, Queensland John Wiley and Sons.