An Ethical And Civil Exchange Of Ideas And Opinions Among...

Question A1: In what way do you see and hear Sen.Kennedy acting ethically as a public speaker? In other words, how was his speech the kind of public dialogue our book defines as an ethical and civil exchange of ideas and opinions among communities about topics that affect the public? Sen. Kennedy acts as an ethical public speaker for several different reasons. In Cindy L. Griffin s book she states that in order to be an ethical public speaker, â€Å"you must consider the moral impact of your ideas and arguments on others when you enter the public dialogue† (pg. 4 Griffin, L. Cindy).Kennedy did just that in his speech because he takes the sensitivity of the subject into account and offered personal experience which made the audience feel comfortable as he empathized along with them. In public speaking, civility â€Å"has come to mean care and concern for others, the thoughtful use of words and language, and the flexibility to see the many sides of an issue† (pg.3 Griffin, L. Cindy). Kennedy showed a great amount of civility in his speech, which made it so powerful. He payed careful attention and considered culture and speaking style, and never came off as ethnocentric. Question A2: Among the members of the audience assembled to hear Sen. Kennedy speak were whites and blacks. In a sense, the community of his audience was also two communities. How does Sen. Kennedy address the concerns and feelings of blacks during his speech? How was he, as an ethical speaker, audienceShow MoreRelatedJohn Stuart Mill s On Liberty1700 Words   |  7 Pagesresult of his ethical theory of utilitarianism. Throughout the course of this essay, Mill provides the reader with a deeper understanding of their individual civil liberties, as well as presenting examples that enhance his ideas. Mill begins this essay with an introductory chapter that immediately questions â€Å"the nature and limits of the power which can be legitimately exercised by society over the individual† (5). Through this question he sets the focus of the entire essay on Civil (Social) LibertyRead MoreMarketing Is The Highest Standard Of Professional Ethical Norms And Values1049 Words   |  5 Pagesexchanging offerings that have value for customers, clients, partners and society at large. (Definition of marketing, 2016). Marketing is still relevant in today’s world. The marketing’s role can be seen as promoting the highest standard of professional ethical norms and values for its members. Marketing has the potential to deliver six core benefits to societies that are remarkably similar to the conditions for democracy. (Quelch and Jocz, 2013). Firstly, per Quelch and Jocz, good marketers give consumersRead MoreTyco2334 Words   |  10 PagesElectronic Components, Healthcare and Specialty Products, Fire and Security Services, and Flow Control which Tyco maintained through the 1990s. The company changed its name to Tyco International in order to signal its global presence to the financial community. By the early 2000s, the firm had acquired more than thirty major companies, including well-known firms such as ADT, Raychem and the CIT Group. In 1975, Dennis Kozlowski joined the company as assistant controller following brief stints at SCMRead MoreWomen’s Equality in Ethical Theory and Perspective Essay2218 Words   |  9 Pagesthe home. They couldn’t vote, were discourages from working, and were excluded from politics. Their duty to society was raising moral children, passing on the values that were unjustly thrust upon them as society began to modernize† (America’s Job Exchange, 2013). Although there have been many improvements in the changes of women’s equality towards the lives of women’s freedom and rights in society, some liberals believe that women have a journey to go before they receive total equality. After WWIIRead MoreRole of Media in Tourism9761 Words   |  40 Pages  There  are  many  patterns  of  spreading  influence.  The  media   has   a   social   responsibility   to   promote   and   update   knowledge.   The   technol ogical   evolution   of   the   communication   media   contributes   to   the   new   cultural   and   ideological   dependency.   Community   (media)   broadcasting   and   satellite   broadcasting   has   entered   many   African   countries   with   or   without   regulatory   framework.   African   policy   makers   should   now   focus   more   on   the   issue   of   technological   convergence,   deregulationsRead MorePlagiarism Is The Wrongful Appropriation And Stealing And Publication2809 Words   |  12 PagesPlagiarism is the wrongful appropriation and stealing and publication of another author s language, thoughts, ideas, or expressions and the representation of them as one s own original work.[1][2] The idea remains problematic with unclear definitions and unclear rules.[3][4][5] The modern concept of plagiarism as immoral and originality as an ideal emerged in Europe only in the 18t h century, particularly with the Romantic movement. Plagiarism is considered academic dishonesty and a breachRead More Dennis Kozlowski: The Implications of Unethical Behavior2629 Words   |  11 Pagesfunds to make extravagant purchases for personal gratification, only proved that the decisions made were not in line with any definition of ethical behavior. In short, Nelson and Quick contend that â€Å"doing the right thing can have a positive effect on an organization†¦thus, organizations depend on individuals to act ethically† (p. 64). â€Æ' Reflection on ethical standards Since ethics and values are not a uniform set of characteristics, it is imperative that the objectives and intentions of an organizationRead MoreAll About Peace Education13195 Words   |  53 Pagesfreedoms. It shall promote understanding, tolerance and friendship among all nations, racial or religious groups and shall further the activities of the United Nations for the maintenance of peace. Article 26, The Universal Declaration of Human Rights Peace education is an elusive concept. Although peace always has been and continues to be the object of an unceasing quest in almost all communities and groups, the training of each new generation centers on divisiveRead MoreMarketing of Tobacco Products Essay examples2282 Words   |  10 Pagesand so the government might want a high and inelastic demand for cigarettes. (Sloman page 85). That is the reason why governments resisted a total advertising ban on tobacco products and subsidized the production of low-grade tobacco in European community countries, in the past. However the anti- smoking groups claim that the health costs caused from smoking outweigh the revenue benefits. The future medical costs of a young smoker could be about $13700, excluding inflation. United States spendsRead Moreâ€Å"Laughter Through Tears† in Chinua Achebe’s Girls at War and Other Stories7412 Words   |  30 Pagesdifferent points of time in Achebe’s life as a writer. I will be specifically studying three of his short stories dealing with the Biafran war and their relationship to my main topic war and identity production. These stories are â€Å"Girls at War†, â€Å"Civil Peace†, and â€Å"Sugar Baby†. As far as the rest of the collection goes, I will be studying the use of irony as an important tool that Achebe utilizes to pass on his critical views of the Biafran society. Irony is indeed prevalent in the whole collection

Pest Analysis on Fast Food Restourants - 796 Words

Table of Contents Introduction to Fast Food Industry in Bahawalpur 1 PEST ANALYSIS 1 POLITICAL 1 ECONOMICS2 SOCIAL / CULTURAL 2 TECHNOLOGY 2 SOURCES OF INFORMATION3 Introduction to Fast Food Industry in Bahawalpur Today, eating out definitely is part of modern lifestyle, or can be said as necessity of modern age. Fast food is mainly targeted to youngster who is providing the fast food Restaurant the most revenue. The high fat foods taste good to these youngsters, which in turn make them believe that fast food is quick, easy and satisfying. Fast food restaurants are now making â€Å"value† meals. Fast food has become a fashion, as customers are not only eating, they are enjoying the environment not adults, children are†¦show more content†¦ECONOMICS As a business entity, AH Hot amp; Spicy need to face a lot of economic variables outside its business. Dealing with sourcing for its material AH Hot amp; Spicy should be aware on the quality supply which is easily available in the city. Remember, AH Hot amp; Spicy can purchase all kind raw materials such as beef and potatoes from local market to meet the demand of its product. That will be impacting its cost of purchase. Labor cost is also very low in Bahawalpur as labor is easily available in market. Working in Bahawalpur AH Hot amp; Spicy must face government regulations on tax of profit where it gains from the operation and other tax such as entertainment and restaurant service tax. The economic condition and growth of the city also is an important indicator to the demand of products that AH Hot amp; Spicy will offer. As the food priced at normal foods, many people will have the income range to consume the products. SOCIAL / CULTURAL The changing lifestyles of Bahawalpur due to development of Bahawalpur and education should be also taking into consideration. While peoples are financially strong to eat at more expensive outlet such as fast food restaurant, they have higher expectations. They want to have quality in services and more conveniences that can differentiate one restaurant from another. Young students studying in Two well know universities and medical college want technology in their life and

The Great Five Personality Traits Essay - 1774 Words

Introduction The following term paper discusses in three parts, from examples derived from scholarly articles and/or books and in critical review style, the need for achievement which falls under the openness to experience in the Big Five personality traits. Upon discussing the need for achievement trait, there is included explanation of the Big Five, its background, and the role it plays in helping to determine certain facets of personality, mainly the need for achievement’s main facet of openness to experience. Also included explanations of the conscientiousness and openness to experience traits will be added to help further the understanding of what exactly the need for achievement and artistic creativity falls under and how the role of these main character traits help to determine how it influences the actions or lack thereof within individuals, including and directly relating to my own self. This leads to the last explanation which will be how the need for achievement is portrayed wi thin me, how it affects my choices, and how it plays a role on my own decision making processes as a woman compared to a man. Background The Merriam-Webster Dictionary describes â€Å"ambition† as the achievement of goals that each individual strives to obtain, the desire to be powerful and successful within life and to be the best of the best that we can be all while obtaining a distinctive and final result (Merriam-Webster Dictionary, 2014). This ambitious desire or lack thereof comes fromShow MoreRelated Five Factor Model of Costa and McCrae Essay1643 Words   |  7 PagesIn psychology, the Big Five personality traits are five broad dimensions of an individual’s personality. The personality traits include openness, conscientiousness, extraversion, agreeableness, and neuroticism. The two psychologists who discovered this theory are Costa and McCrae. In this paper I will discuss the history of the five-factor model, each of the five different personality traits, and how this is significant in my own life and my behavior. In 1992, two psychologists by the nameRead MorePersonality Traits as Sufficient Measurements of Leadership980 Words   |  4 PagesPersonality Traits Sufficient Measurements Leadership Name Institutional Affiliation Date: Personality Traits Sufficient Measurements Leadership Researchers have focused their efforts towards the link between effectiveness of leaders and personality traits. They tend to reach a consensus indicating that the effectiveness of a leader is established by her/his personality traits. In this context, the performance and success of leaders is measured by personality traits. Organizations use differentRead MorePersonality Traits in the Workplace: The Big Five Essay1177 Words   |  5 PagesPersonality has been inherently defined as possession of a particular set of characteristics possessed by people which influences their behaviour and reactions in different situation along with their motivation level to react to difficulties at the workplace. However, understanding personality traits and their development has been a contentious matter. Nonetheless, various theories have been forwarded to rather contribute to this contentious debate. For example employers set goals and encourage involvementRead MorePersonality Traits Within The Wor kplace1342 Words   |  6 PagesFive-factor trait theory As a professional many struggle with attempting to control the dominance of his/her personality trait, in fear that it may be damaging to one s current position. Personally, there has been several instances when an employee was ridiculed because he/she expressed personality traits within the workplace, opposite of what the employer personally desired. Within this paper, one will discuss how the connection of an individual personality trait can be beneficial, as well a productiveRead MoreMyers Briggs588 Words   |  3 Pagesdifferent personalities in the work place managers that strive to mesh them in a cohesive way tend to succeed. Using the two most popular personality identifiers, Myers-Briggs as well as the Big Five, managers can cater to specific employee needs. Understanding these two methods are crucial for successful managers in today’s ever-changing business world. The two personality indicators, Myers-Briggs and Big Five, are descriptive personality domains that fall under different psychological traits. Myers-BriggsRead MoreRelationship Between Personality And Obesity1609 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This paper explores the relationship between personality traits and obesity throughout the adult life span. The article examines the relationship between personality and obesity (BMI) and adiposity (waist and hip circumference). We describe how obesity is the second leading controllable cause of death next to smoking. Many variables contribute to the rising percentage of obese individuals such as lack of exercise, unhealthy eating habits, and even genetics; shifts in food quality, foodRead MoreRelationship Between The Big Five Personality Traits And Academic Motivation1136 Words   |  5 PagesRunning head: THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY 1 The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Traits and Academic Motivation 13366876 School of Psychology Bond University THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE BIG FIVE PERSONALITY 2 The Relationship Between the Big Five Personality Traits and Academic Motivation: A Review of Personality and Individual Differences In this article, much is explained about the different learning styles, ways of achievement, and thinkingRead MoreThe Big Five Assessment Report Will Not Be Used1097 Words   |  5 Pagesthe big five assessment report will not be used. According to (Webster, 2015), personality is defined as â€Å"the quality or state of a being person.† There are thousands of different traits that can make up a persons personality. One-way to measure a beings trait is to use the five-factor model, also known as the big five traits. (Larson Buss, 2014) defined the five-factor model as: A trait taxonomy that has its roots in the lexical hypothesis. The first psychologist to use the terms â€Å"five-factorRead MoreLeadership Traits Essay example694 Words   |  3 PagesLeadership Traits As a growing debate, the question at hand is whether great leaders are born with specific leadership traits, or if one can be taught certain traits over time. According to (Wikipedia.com) the approach of listing leadership qualities, often termed trait theory of leadership, assumes certain traits or characteristics will tend to lead to effective leadership. I believe that leadership traits such as honest, competent, initiative, inspiring, hardworking, intelligent, and the abilityRead MorePersonality As A Dynamic Organization Within A Individual Of Those Psychophysical Systems That Determine Their Characteristics Behavior1281 Words   |  6 PagesPersonality could be referred to as the dynamic organization within a individual of those psychophysical systems that determine their characteristics behavior. Personality refers to individual differences in characteristic patterns of thinking, feeling and behaving. The study of personality focuses on two broad areas: One understands individ ual differences in particular personality characteristics, such as sociability or irritability. The other is understanding how the various parts of a person come

Essay about Book Review China in 21st Century - 978 Words

Book Review: China in 21st Century China in the 21st Century written by Jeffery N. Wasserstrom was published in 2010 with the purpose to clear up the misconceptions that many Westerners have towards China. Wasserstrom adds insights of each issue revealing the truth providing readers with a basic knowledge of China. Jeffery N. Wasserstrom is one of the writers/ scholars on China today. He is a specialist in Chinese History in a wide range of topics ranging from the globalization affects urban life to popular culture to American views of Asia. He has also published several books on the topics of China (Wasserstrom). The book is relatively short of 135 pages which seemed almost impossible to summarize the vast history of China to it’s†¦show more content†¦The chapter also extends on to Confucius learning among the populace and its usage by the government, Confucian learning and its relevance to China’s modernization program, and connections between Confucian teachings and democracy. Essentially, the author’s purpose for chapter 1 is to establish an understanding on the importance of Confucian learning undergoing transformations and adapted to modern times. Confucius was a philosopher that has been highly associated of a saint of godlike figure even with temples devoted to him. His ideas were importance since China wants to be represented as Confucian and Communist that complement one another. Hence, the author devoted the first and one whole explaining about Confucius himself then slowly expanding into his contribution to China as a whole to build a big picture. For section two of the book, the author purposely dedicated chapter 5 to â€Å"U.S-China Misunderstandings†. The author breaks the chapters up into different questions from the general view point Americans get wrong about China to more in-depth issues such as ethnicity, religion, and governing system. It is clear that the focus of the chapter is about the misunderstandings that some Americans may have of China, thus it could be difficult for some non-American readers to relate to this specific chapter. Each question was chosen carefully to alter the misconceptions of Americans’ point of viewsShow MoreRelated 21st Century Capitalism Essay1485 Words   |  6 Pages21st Century Capitalism 21st Century Capitalism. By Robert Heilbroner. (New York: Norton, 1993. 175pp., $17.95) The Work of Nations: Preparing Ourselves for 21st Century Capitalism. By Robert Reich. (New York: Vintage, 1992. 339pp., $14.00) Undoubtedly, the 20th century has witnessed some of the most significant economic events in modern history. For example, the Great Depression saw capitalism come close to its end, and the principles of laissez-faire repudiated as the New Deal wasRead MoreChin Facing The 21st Century1511 Words   |  7 Pages CHINA: FACING THE 21ST CENTURY Name: Course No: Date: Institution: A Case Study on China in the 21st Century Logic of the Chinese development strategy China was well-known as one of the longest serving dynasties of the world, and after the end of the Qing Dynasty, it began its evolution into a flourishing economy. During this period where different regimes came into power, three fundamental pillars were used to sustain the imperial system of government. These components contributedRead MoreDevelopment Of Human Resource Management Essay1657 Words   |  7 Pages Literature Review â€Å"Thirty-two years of development of human resource management in China: Review and prospects† (Shuming Zhao, Juan Du, 2012) is a journal paper that concentrating on the hypothetical advancements and practical applications of HRM, it first audits the move of HRM in China from planned labor force allocation to current HR management in three particular eras since China s reformation and opening-up. After, it analyzes and discusses the difficulties of human resource management researchRead MoreSpeech Is The Effective Form Of A Culture972 Words   |  4 Pagesthen you will notice people are mostly familiar with those poets. Although the work they created was long ago they would still remember are known they are a famous figure in history. Even during their times they were know figures. Today in the 21st century poetry is dead nobody no longer wants to hear it understand it or listen to it; it doesn’t matter. Poetry was a form of literature that was once a potent drink that has now become diluted. Literature helps us understand and make sense ofRead MoreMc Gregors Theory X and Y1680 Words   |  7 Pagesrelation tried to prove that there is another side to the traditional perspective of workers (Bartol and Martin 1998, p. 52).This literature review will be focusing on the evolution of McGregor’s Theory X and Theory Y in relation to the development of management theory. Moreover will be explaining the definition of X and Y theory and its relevance to 21st century. McGregor proposed two contrasting sets of managerial assumptions about the workers. He further examined taking Taylor’s traditional viewRead MoreThe Dangers Of Internet Addiction Essay1645 Words   |  7 Pagesrole in people s lives, jobs, and even ideas and perspectives on certain issues. However, along with all these advantages, some real problems have developed as a result of its pervasiveness in our lives. The pervasiveness of the internet in our 21st century has caused a huge amount of danger in our everyday lives. The most important danger being addiction. Internet addiction is described as an impulse control disorder, which does not involve use of an intoxicating drug and is very similar to pathologicalRead MoreHistory of Psychological Assessment Paper1129 Words   |  5 Pagesconstruct what most individuals consider to be the first modem intelligence test. I use the term modem because it is reported that Chinese society around 2200 B.C.E. was a â€Å"test-dominated society† (Thorndike amp; Lohman, 1990, p. 1). At that time in China, various civil service positions were distributed by means of formal assessments of the skills of various, privileged applicants (Geisinger, 2000, p. 117). Exploring my selected event On our â€Å"History of Psychological Assessment Paper†, there areRead MoreBrief Overview Of Education System Of Pakistan And China Essay1654 Words   |  7 PagesSimilarities and Dissimilarities in the Higher Education of Pakistan and China Name: Muhammad Saleem I.D Number: M2016127 Subject: Higher Education of China Assigned by: Professor Lee Saiqiang Dr. Han Jiying Semester: First â€Æ' Abstract The purpose of this paper is to fulfill the requirements of a final term paper of the first semester. This paper attempts to put the glance on the Education system of Pakistan and China. Firstly, it aims to introduce briefly the Education system ofRead MoreWhat Components Bring Up Competitive Industries?1306 Words   |  6 PagesIn the past three decades, China has become one of the major contributors to science and technology.1 Currently China employs an increasingly large labor force of scientists and engineers at high earnings, and produces more science and engineering degrees than the United States at all levels, most in bachelors.1 Accounting for 35-75% of the world’s scientific activities, the United States is in jeopardy of losing its scientific dominance to China, thus, facing negative economic consequences.2 ThisRead MoreBibliography Chinese Immigration in Canada1487 Words   |  6 PagesCHINESE IMMIGRANTS IN CANADA AND THEIR PROBLEMS ON THE CANADIAN LABOR MARKET History 287 – The Chinese in Canada and Canadians in China Bolaria, B. Singh, and Sean P. Hier. Race and Racism in 21st-century Canada: Continuity, Complexity, and Change. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview, 2007. Print. According to a statistics from Citizenship and Immigration Canada, the number of mainland Chinese immigrants to Canada increased impressively in the past 25 years. This has brought a significant amount

Crime Scene Investigation Roles And Practices - 1751 Words

Crime Scene Investigation: Roles and Practices Christopher Jackson Weber State University Introduction Background Information: Forensic science once thought a Pseudo-Science is now a staple in the arsenal of weapons that police forces utilize daily. Recently Williams and Weetman refer to forensic science as something that is recurring throughout an investigation. It is utilized at the scene of the crime, in the laboratory, in the briefing room, in interviews and in the courtroom (2013, p. 381). Throughout their research Williams and Weetman take note of the ever changing combinations of institutional structures, dynamic processes and agents in the routine usage of forensic science in policing. In order to make use of this†¦show more content†¦The small amount of research that attempts to assess the benefits of forensic science is said to fall short of its intended goal. Williams and Weetman (2013) propose numerous reasons for forensics falling short. Some are the reduction of extant studies which view police and forensic process as linear rather than separate entities; s aid studies also have failed to provide a sense of how forensic science is enacted in the course of an investigation. (Williams and Weetman 2013). The existing research fails to acknowledge the expertise and skill of those who perform forensic tasks throughout the course of an investigation. The current study seeks to clarify the role of CSI practices by looking further into trace and contamination avoidance. Along with trace and contamination avoidance, CSI work in general is studied in an effort to further the understanding of how it works between the field and in the courtroom. Trace evidence, the term given to physical evidence that is the result of transference of material from a victim or a crime scene to something else (Nickell and Fischer 1998, p. 54). Trace evidence can be used to identify a large number of things, such as glass fragments, fibers from clothing or hair, as well as blood and many other types of

Criminal Justice Programme

Questions: 1. Explain with examples the different types of sentencing.2. Explain with examples the impact of policy on sentencing.3. Explain the possible effects of imprisonment on a defendant and his family. Answers: 1 a) Different types of sentences available to the judiciary Concurrent and consecutive sentences - When a person is involved or committed in more than one crime, then he or she will be given sentence for each crime. The difference between the two is that concurrent sentences are to be served at the same time while consecutive sentences are to be provided when the one is completed in a consecutive manner. For example, one year sentence for one crime, followed by six months of the sentence for another crime. Suspended prison sentences - This type of sentencing is carried out in the community. The defendant is suspended from the prison but he or she has to work for the community welfare. The convict has to follow certain conditions such as he or she has to stay away from a specific place or person and has to work without any payment or wages. It is also known as Community payback. If the conditions are not followed, the convict can be sent to the prison again(Citizensinformation.ie, 2014). Determinate sentences In this type of sentence there is fixed period of time. If the sentence is for the period of a year or more, the defendant has to spend the first part of the punishment in jail and the remaining for the community service. If they fail to follow the conditions or they get involved in another crime, they can be sent to the jail again. For prison sentences less than a year, the person usually gets free after the first half of the sentence (Findlaw, 2016). Indeterminate sentence - There is no fixed period of time for this type of sentence. It means no date is fixed for the release and for consideration for release they have to expend a least amount of time in jail. The Parole Board is accountable for making a decision for the release of a person from prison. Life sentence- It is given to the person guilty of murder or for severe offences like rape or armed robbery. Sentences for adolescents- The person aged between 12 to 17 years are provided detention and training order and it lasts between four months and two years. The first part of the detention and training order is to be spent in the custody and the remaining for the community service (UK Government, 2014). 1 b) Aims of Sentencing According to the section 142 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003, there are five purpose of sentencing i.e. to penalize the wrongdoer, diminish offense, rehabilitate the criminal, defend the public, and to make reparations. These aims achieve: Retribution- The aim is to get the realization by the offender of his or her crime and that he deserves to be punished. Denunciation- The aim is to show the disapproval of the society regarding criminal activities. Incapacitation- The aim is to serve the useful purpose in the society and protection of the public. Deterrence- The aim is to reduce the future levels of crime. Rehabilitation- The intent is to make improvement in the criminal behavior and to rehabilitate them back into the society. Reparations- The intent is to reimburse the injured party by punishing the criminal to compensate an amount of money to the injured party (Legislation.gov.uk, 2003). 2. Impact of Policy on Sentencing Section 170 of the Criminal Justice Act 2003 affirms the sentencing guidelines and its allocation. Section 170(2) states that the Secretary of the State can recommend to the Council to reframe or revise the sentencing guidelines in specific cases or for offences and offenders of a particular category any time. Subsection 3 of Section 170 states that the Council may consider whether to frame sentencing guidelines any time if it receives the proposal from the Panel or the Secretary of the State. Subsection 5 suggests the matters to be included when the Council makes a decision to outline or amend the guidelines. It includes the necessity to encourage reliability in sentencing, the impact of sentencing in stopping re-offending, to uphold public assurance in criminal justice system and the observations conversed by the panel. Subsection 7 states that sentencing guidelines must comprise of the criteria for identifying the gravity of the offenses and the weightage to be specified for any earlier crimes by the criminals (Centre for Social Justice, 2014). Section 148 of Criminal Justice Act (CJA) 2003 suggests that a court must be obliged to not pass community order to a criminal if the offenses are not serious enough to warrant such kind of sentences. For persistent offenders, section 151 states that the court may make community order as an alternative of imposing a fine if it believes it to be in the interest of justice to make such an order(Ministry of Justice, 2009) Section 148 of CJA 2003 mentions suitability of the punishment to the offenders. Section 149 imposes restrictions on liberty in a community order in respect of an offense(Ministry of Justice, 2011). The Court is supposed to think about reducing the overall span of the sentence while imposing a fixed period custodial sentence of a year or more than under the latest provisions. While imposing a suspended sentence, it should be for the similar period that would have issued if the offender were being sentenced to instant custody. Sentencing policy considers not only the expenditure of sentencing, but its cost efficacy can also be evaluated in context of its capability to check people from being sufferers in future. For example, in individual cases, sentencing policy and sentencing are influenced by the wish of the society to have a conclusion from the conviction which recognizes the severity of which the society relates such kind of crimes. 3. Effect of imprisonment on defendant and family It has been proved by several types of research that punitive judgments or harsh sentences do not reduce recidivism but increases the likelihood of the future offending. The offenders who are given prison sentences for a short period of time are more likely to re-offend than the offenders who are given community service. The U.S. War on Drugs and other imprisonment programs is an example of ensuring a continuous supply of the criminals. Sentencing adolescents for the community service ensures that they will be less likely to be in jobs upon release because they are stigmatized and hence, they are treated negatively by the community, in the workplace and in between their peers and friends. The defendants who become disciplined after their sentencing should also have to face such situations(The National Academies Press, 2014). They are ill-treated by the society and therefore, they are more likely to re-offend and get back to the prison. Most of the defendants lose their self-respect a nd are forced to be engaged in the illegal pathways. The defendants suffer such conditions and even their family members have to face the ill-treatment by the society because of which the defendants are mentally and emotionally distressed and involve themselves in crime(Doob et al., 2014). Families experience emotional distress due to the temporary loss of one of their loved family member. Families are also stigmatized for the offenses done by the offender and are referred as guilty by the association although they are innocent. This stigma makes the situation more complicated for the family members as they are treated negatively by the community. The partners of the prisoners have to take multiple responsibilities in the household works. Imprisonment of the family member imposes the financial strain on the families by declining the family income and by escalating the family expenditures. For example, costly visiting and phone calling to their family members in the prison (The Scottish Centre for Crime Justice Research, 2015). Prisoners' children often develop mental health problems and more likely to be engaged in anti-social behavior(Cunningham, 2016). Imprisonment of the mother causes great suffering to the young children and they have to be in the custody of others (Epstein, 2012). References Centre for Social Justice, 2014. The CSJs Crimina lJustice Programme. Centre for Social Justice. Citizensinformation.ie, 2014. Types of sentences. [Online] Available at: https://www.citizensinformation.ie/en/justice/criminal_law/criminal_trial/types_of_sentences.html [Accessed 26 May 2016]. Cunningham, A., 2016. Forgotten families the impacts of imprisonment. [Online] Available at: https://aifs.gov.au/sites/default/files/ac_0.pdf [Accessed 27 May 2016]. Doob, A.N., Webster, C.M. Gartner, R., 2014. The Effects of Imprisonment:Specific Deterrence and Collateral Effects. Criminological Highlights, 12(5), pp.1-26. Epstein, R., 2012. Mothers In Prison:the sentencing of mothers and the rights of the child. Coventry Law Journal, pp.1-33. Findlaw, 2016. Types of Sentences. [Online] Available at: https://criminal.findlaw.com/criminal-procedure/types-of-sentences.html [Accessed 26 May 2016]. Legislation.gov.uk, 2003. Criminal Justice Act 2003. The Stationery Office. Ministry of Justice, 2009. Government response to the Justice Select Committees Report: Sentencing guidelines andParliament: building a bridge. Crown. Ministry of Justice, 2011. Legal Aid, Sentencing and Punishment of Offenders Bill. UK: Ministry of Justice. The National Academies Press, 2014. 9 Consequences for Families and Children. [Online] Available at: https://www.nap.edu/read/18613/chapter/11 [Accessed 27 May 2016]. The Scottish Centre for Crime Justice Research, 2015. Impact of punishment: families of people in prison. [Online] Available at: https://www.sccjr.ac.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/10/SCCJR-Impact-of-crime-prisoners-families.pdf [Accessed 2016]. UK Government, 2014. Types of prison sentences. [Online] Available at: https://www.gov.uk/types-of-prison-sentence/sentences-for-young-people [Accessed 26 May 2016].

Property Appraisal and Valuation

Question: Describe about thegrowth of internet and delivery service in regards to online shopping madrid Spain". 2 "consumer behaviour in Spain." every part should be covered. we are told to check online for updated information?. Answer: Growth of Internet and delivery services in regards to online purchases in Madrid Spain: Spain An Interesting Market: Spain has taken significant steps towards the growth of economy of the country. The current annual GDP of Spain is 1.6bp. The trading economics group recorded this. It is because of this success, that consumers are interested in purchasing more products online. In the year of 2014, the retail sales in Spain increased by 1.90 percent in the month of November. Since then Spain is experiencing a growth in the field of online trading and growth in the field of internet (Anaza 2014). Potential Growth in the Field of Online Shopping: Spain offers an interesting growth in the industry of online shopping. The reason behind this is that online shopping delivery charges are lower than any other country. The people of Spain are impulsive buyers who buy the products online only out of spontaneity, desire or motivation. Spanish people shop frequently and this is because of such trust that people of Spain belief in online shopping. Hence, for the people of Spain trust is a very important factor before they get involved in online shopping. Spain is internationalizing in the field of online market Industry. The sales supply helps in providing a more outsourced and embedded solution that differs from research and strategy (Lissitsa and Kol 2016). Figure 1- Graphical Representation of Online Market Consumer Behaviour in Spain Madrid The understanding and knowledge of consumer behaviour has become the most important task at both institutional and entrepreneurial level. Undertakings have realized that consumers have adopted a more aggressive and demanding role and that there is a need of modification in their attitudes. At an institutional level the Government need to understand the standard and quality of life, that each of the consumers led and followed. Of all the factors, the most important factor is consumption. The studies pertaining to consumer behaviour had started in the year 1960 in Spain. Since then drastic changes are seen in the behaviour of consumers towards their seller. The attitude that most of the consumers have these days in Spain is that since they are investing money they have an expectation that they will receive a good service or product. Moreover, in one sense, this is not wrong, as it is important for all the consumers to receive products that are up to the mark or level (Lissitsa and Kol 2016). The consumers, in todays world remain very aware and know about their rights and liabilities. There is an increasing awareness amongst them and they expect that their vendors will act with them with sincerity and responsibility. The Spanish Government has been doing well in this regard; they have established institutions that help in the promotion of their rights and liabilities. It is for this reason, that many of the consumers are aware about their rights and utilise them with diligence and care in Spain. The Government in Spain are continuously increasing their efforts for making the consumers more aware. This is the basic responsibility of all the consumers, that is, to stay aware of their rights and knowing the correct utilisation of their rights. This is regarded as the best attitude of the consumers. (Solomon 2014). Reference List: Anaza, N.A., 2014. Personality antecedents of customer citizenship behaviors in online shopping situations.Psychology Marketing,31(4), pp.251-263. Horner, S. and Swarbrooke, J., 2016.Consumer behaviour in tourism. Routledge. Lissitsa, S. and Kol, O., 2016. Generation X vs. Generation YA decade of online shopping.Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services,31, pp.304-312. Solomon, M.R., 2014.Consumer behavior: buying, having, and being. Engelwood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.