Imaging Hypoxia in Glioblastoma Multiforme with PET

Imaging Hypoxia in Glioblastoma Multiforme with PETHypoxia plays a crucial role in the progression of glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) promoting angiogenesis, genetic mutations, riff to a more aggressive behaviour and ote important consequences. Many symptomatic methods arrest been investigated and today PET and magnetic resonance imaging appear to be the more attractive for the evaluation of the heterogeneous hypoxia in GBM.(Mendichovszky and Jackson 2011, Vartanian, Singh et al. 2014)Hirata first record the utility of hypoxic tracers (18FFMISO in this probe) in patients with polariating GBM from lower grade gliomas based on the level of tumor hypoxia.(Hirata, Terasaka et al. 2012) Hypoxia assessment by PET imagery seems to yield complementary learning to MRI within the complex relationship breathing amongst hypoxia and angiogenesis in GBM. This was support in a study of Swanson et al, where the authors attested a strong correlation mingled with the hypoxic burden, de termined with 18FFMISO, and altered vasculature attested on gadolinium-enhanced T1-weighted MRI sequences.(Swanson, Chakraborty et al. 2009) As for other tumours, the prognostic capability of 18FFMISO has been confirmed as well as in GBM, in a study evaluating the correlation between hypoxic volume, intensity of hypoxia an survival in 22 patients with GBM who underwent PET scan out front biopsy or between resection and radiation therapy (RT).(Spence, Muzi et al. 2008) The heterogeneous distribution of hypoxia within GBM can non be fully investigated by 18FFMISO PET imaging, but the tumour fund dimension allow for acceptable data on the different levels of hypoxia within the tumour.(Padhani, Krohn et al. 2007)18FFAZA is some other radiotracer tracer, which has showed promising results. The biggest study ever published, evaluating the utility of 18FFAZA in 50 patients with different types of tumours, documented increased pulmonary tuberculosis of the tracer in all gliomas, with a tumour-to-background (T/B) ratio range of 1.9-15.6, which is higher compared to that of 18FFMISO.(Postema, McEwan et al. 2009) However, as already said nearly of literature on the use of 18FFAZA in the brain is based in preclinical setting (see Tab.X)According to the group of Wiebe, one important bode in favour of 18FFAZA for the evaluation of hypoxia in brain tumours is the absence of uptake in normal brain tissue paper, while 18FFMISO shows, although limited, non-specific uptake in the brain.(Wiebe 2004) Recently, in addition Belloli and colleagues investigated the combined use of 18FFAZA and 18FFDG PET and MRI to follow the biological adjustment of specific line of glioma cells during the tumour progression in animal models of GBM (rats with plant glioma F98 cells). The authors observed that 18FFAZA and 18FFDG were interpreted up respectively in the core and in external areas of the tumoyr, with partial overlap and remodelling during disease progression, suggesting that necrotic regions, defined on the basis of 18FFDG uptake reduction, whitethorn include hypoxic clusters of vital tumour tissue identified with 18FFAZA.(Belloli, Brioschi et al. 2013)BOLD-MRI is an advance MRI technique, particulary suitable for the evaluation of hypoxia, which evaluate the changes in group O concentration and ratio between oxyhemoglobin and deoxyhemoglobin within vessels. In stemma to oxyhaemoglobin, deoxyhaemoglobin is paramagnetic and determines an increase of transverse relaxation rate (R2*) of wet in blood and surrounding tissues.(Mendichovszky and Jackson 2011) Unfortunately BOLD-MRI signal is advised also to other tissue factors, such as blood string up, century dioxide tension, haematocrit, pH. Decoupling the set up of flow from deoxyhaemoglobin and static components it is essential to measure out R2* and be obtained employ multi-echo GRE sequences.(Padhani, Krohn et al. 2007)T1-weighted oxygen-enhanced MRI (OE-MRI) has been proposed as an alternative imaging technique for the evaluation of hypoxia.(Zaharchuk, Busse et al. 2006) turn oxygen in blood and plasma influences MRI signal by increasing the longitudinal relaxation rate of protons (R1). OE-MRI has already been employed in the evaluation of oxygen in healthy tissues and in tumours, but non in the evaluation of hypoxia in GBM, except in a preclinical study by Linnik et al. (Linnik, Scott et al. 2014) In an animal study, Wu et al. used a mechanically ventilation with 100% oxygen at the rate of 8 l/min to investigate hypoxia in brain of rats and showed close agreement between R2* and R1 changes in white and grey payoff in chemical reaction to oxygen inhalation.(Wu, Gao et al. 2012) In the study of Wu and colleagues, the T1 determine decreased prominently in the cortical grey matter but also, with a lower extent, in the subcortical gray matter and in white matter, where the decrease was the least significant. sooner the T2 values showed an increase in response to the o xygen inhalation in all the regions examined in the following order white mattersubcortical gray mattercortical gray matter. Similarly, the T2* values increased with more evident change in the cortical gray matte and white matter and with a less extent in subcortical gray matter.(Wu, Gao et al. 2012) These observations support the use of oxygen-enhanced imaging as a biomarker for tumour oxygenation, although the relationship between the signal changes resulting from variations in turn oxygen pressure and true tumour hypoxaemia remain to be elucidated.DCE-MRI, exploitation contrast agents of low molecular weight, has been proposed as an additional MRI method for identification and quantification of hypoxia in some types of tumour and some authors successfully exhibit a correlation between perfusion parameters to oxygen tension. (Ceelen, Smeets et al. 2006) DCE-MRI parameters have been demonstrated also to indicate preoperatively areas with high hypoxia in glioma patients.In partic ularly Jensen et al. demonstrated that capillary get over time (tc) correlated with HIF-1 expression and VEGF expression in the histopathological examination of correspond of active tumour regions. Other parameters, blood volume (Vb), capillary heterogeneity (a-1) and kep (washout rate) also showed a correlation with biomarkers of hypoxia.(Jensen, Mumert et al. 2014) O Connor, in a study evaluating ten patients with solid tumours, proposed that DCE may provide complementary information to OE-MRI regarding the tumour microenvironment, estimating local perfusion and extracellularextravascular volume,(OConnor, Naish et al. 2009) Subsequently, Linnik et al. validated the measurement of hypoxia validated OE-MRI using a murine glioma xenograft with histopathological confirmation. The study involved 5 patients, who underwent the same imaging protocol of the rats OE-MRI and DCE-MRI and histological confirmation with reduced pimonidazole adducts and CD31 staining. Furthermore, the area und er the turn (AUC) was also calculated for the R1 curve for OE-MRI and the gadolinium concentration curve for DCE-MRI. Whereas DCE-MRI did not relate to hypoxia in the xenograft model, the authors found a strong correlation between estimation of hypoxia by means OE-MRI and histology results, supporting further research to validate also the utility of OE-MRI in the evaluation of response to therapy and fortune telling of prognosis (Fig.).(Linnik, Scott et al. 2014)DWI-MRI instead has been used to clarify the mechanism of action of bevacizumab role, see patients with recurrent GBM before and after treatment with bevacizumab.(Rieger, Bahr et al. 2010) The mechanism of action of bevacizumab is clam up matter of debate. It is thought to produce damage to the endothelial cells, decreasing commit of nutrients and oxygen to the tumour cells,(Field, Jordan et al. 2014) but recently, it has been postulated an alternative theory antiangiogenic therapy could stimulate a vascular normalizat ion, which would allow improved chemotherapy delivery and radiation consummations through enhanced oxygen delivery.(Jain 2005) The study showed that bevacizumab induced stroke-like lesions with diffusion parturiency and corresponding ADC decrease in 13 out of 18 patients enrolled in the study. A biopsy, performed in ADC-decreased lesion in one patient, demonstrated and nuclear hypoxia with HIF-1 up-regulation maverick necrosis but no tumour recurrence, supporting the hypothesis that bevacizumab-increases hypoxia in the tumour bed, expecially in case of prolonged treatment. Furthermore the imaging outline revealed that regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) and regional cerebral blood volume (rCBV) were decreased in responders with diffusion restricted lesions.(Rieger, Bahr et al. 2010) Recently the effect of anti-angiogenic therapy has been investigated by a new technique, called vessel architectural imaging (VAI) which analyses the profane shift in the MR signal estimating the ve ssel calibre and provides additional information about the microcirculation and oxygen saturation levels. From preliminary investigations, VAI seems to be a bona fide MRI method to demonstrate the effect of anti-angiogenic therapy.(Emblem, Mouridsen et al. 2013) Other authors suggested AVOL, a measure of arteriovenous overlap (voxels with both arteriosus and venous perfusion characteristics), as index of subnormal tumour microvasculature and as indicator of bevacizumab therapy efficacy.(LaViolette, Cohen et al. 2013)Barajas and colleagues (Barajas, Phillips et al. 2012) investigated histopathological and physiologic MRI features using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI), dynamic mightweighted, and contrast enhanced perfusion imaging (DSC). Image-guided tissue specimens were taken from contrast enhanced (CE) and non-enhancing (NE) regions in GBM (93 CE and 26 NE regions from 51 patients with newly diagnosed GBM). The authors analysed variables of anatomic, imaging, and histopathologi cal features (tumour score, cell density, proliferation, architectural disruption, hypoxia, and microvascular hyperplasia). Tissue samples from CE regions were found to have increased tumour score, cellular density, proliferation, and architectural disruption compared with NE regions.(Barajas, Phillips et al. 2012)MRI in the evaluation of perfusionPerfusion measurement of regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) has been proposed as a method for identifying angiogenically active tumours. Increased angiogenesis in top-quality gliomas is correlated with higher cerebral blood volume (CBV) after contrast administration with dynamic MRI, relative to contralateral normal white matter rCBF and tumour aggressiveness. (Provenzale, York et al. 2006, Gruner, Paamand et al. 2012) as well as microvascular density (MVD) of tumour tissue has been shown to relate to tumour behaviour and prognosis. Furthermore it has been demonstrated that abnormalities in contrast agent recirculation provide independen t information concerning the microcirculation and may be of value as permutation markers in trials of antiangiogenic therapy.(Alan Jackson 2002) Early changes of rCBV, evaluated by MRI before and at weeks 1-2 and 3-4 during radiotherapy, can indicate response to treatment and correlate with survival Cao. Also Galban investigated the predictive impact of MRI in this setting, suggesting the use of voxel-by-voxel parametric response maps at 3 weeks after radiotherapy to predict overall survival.(Galban, Chenevert et al. 2009) other MRI technique which has shown promises in the assessment of the tumour microvascular environment is susceptibility weighted imaging (SWI), which aims to underline the susceptibility differences between tissues. Liu et al. demonstrated that R2*values are significantly different between high-grade gliomas, low-grade gliomas, postulating that these differences may be related to the different content of deoxyhaemoglobin.(Liu, Liao et al. 2014)

An Overview Of Video Game Addiction Sociology Essay

An Overview Of motion-picture show Game Addiction Sociology EssayIn this assign handst, I will be talking about delineation high habituation, why do teenagers suffer from this. does this game habituation only affects teenagers? what are the ca handlings and reasons that lead them to be addicted? The term addiction is employ in galore(postnominal) contexts to describe an obsession, compulsion, or riotous psychological dependence, such as dose addiction (e.g. alcoholism), tv set game addiction, crime, m atomic number 53y, work addiction, compulsive overeating, problem gambling, calculating machine addiction, nicotine addiction, pornography addiction, etc.The term addiction is also about quantifys apply to compulsions that are non substance-related, such as problem gambling and calculator addiction. In these kinds of common usages, the term addiction is used to describe a recurring compulsion by an individual to engage in some specific action mechanism, despite harmful c onsequences, as deemed by the user himself to his or her individual health, mental state or social life.Or more broadly television set game overuse, is excessive or compulsive use of computer and video games that interferes with daily life. Instances perplex been describeed in which users suffer compulsively, isolating themselves from, or from other forms of, social contact and focusing just about entirely on in-game achievements rather than broader life events. There is no diagnosing of video game addiction, although it has been proposed for inclusion in the next version of the symptomatic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). tv set game addiction is not included as a diagnosis in either the DSM or the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems.However, effects (or symptoms) of video game overuse are similar to those of other proposed psychological addictions. Video game overuse whitethorn be, like compulsive gambling, an i mpulse meet disorder. In 2007, the American Psychological Association reviewed whether or not video game addiction should be added in the new DSM to be released in 2012. The closure was that there was not enough research or manifest to conclude that video game addiction was a disorder.A report by the Council On Science And Public Health to the AMA cited a 2005 enjoyment Software Association cogitation10 of computer fun dependers, and noted that players of MMORPGs were more in all probability to play for more than 2 hours per day than other gamers. In its report, the Council used this 2-hour-per-day limit to define playing period overuse, citing the American Academy of Pediatrics guideline of no more than 1 to 2 hours per day of screen time. It may be worth noting that the ESA document cited in the Council report does not hold up the 2-hour-per-day data. In a 2005 Toms Games interview, Dr. Maressa Orzack estimated that 40% of the players of World of Warcraft (an MMORPG) wer e addicted, but she did not prognosticate a source for the estimate. She may befool derived the estimate from the informal survey man senior(a) by Nick Yee at the The Daedalus Project,14 who notes that caution should be exercised when interpreting this data.15A 2006 lecture report by the BBC alluded that 12% of polled gamers reported at to the lowest degree some addictive behaviours. The lecturer, Professor Mark Griffiths of Nottingham Trent University, stated in another(prenominal) BBC interview that addicts are few and far between. Michael Cai, director of broadband and gaming for Parks Associates (a media/technology research and analysis company), said in 2007 that Video game addiction is a particularly severe problem in Asian countries such as China and Korea. Results of a 2006 survey suggested that 2.4% of southeasterly Koreans aged 9 to 39 suffer from game addiction, with another 10.2 share at risk of addiction. A 2007 Harris Interactive online poll of 1,187 US youths ag ed 8-18 gathered detailed data on youth opinions about video game play. About 81% of youths stated that they played video games at least once per month. Further, the average play time varied by age and sex, from 8 hours per week (responses from teen girls) to 14 hours per week (responses by teen boys). Tweens (8-12 year olds) fell in the middle, with boys averaging 13 hours per week of reported game-play, and girls averaging 10. Harris concludes that 8.5% can be classified as pathological or clinically addicted to playing video games, but did not explain how this conclusion was reached.Since the American Psychological Association decision in 2007, studies have been conducted at Stanford University School of Medicine related to video game play. Researchers establish evince that video games do have addictive characteristics. An MRI study found that the part of the brain that generates rewarding feelings is more activated in men than women during video-game play. In August 2005, the government of the Peoples Republic of China, where more than 20 billion people play online games, introduced an online gaming restriction limiting playing time to 3 hours, after which the player would be expelled from whichever game they were playing. In 2006, it relaxed the master so only citizens under the age of 18 would face the limitations. Reports indicate underage gamers found ways to circumvent the measure. In July, 2007, the rule was relaxed withal again. Internet games operating in China must require that users learn themselves by ID numbers. later 3 hours, players under 18 are prompted to seal off and do suitable physical exercise. If they continue, their characters gain 50% of the usual experience. After 5 hours, their characters gain no experience at all. In 2008, unrivaled of the 5 FCC Commissioners, Deborah Taylor Tate, stated that online gaming addiction was one of the top reasons for college drop-outs. However, she did not mention a source for the statement, n or identify its position in similarity to other top reasons. Excessive use of video games may have some or all the symptoms of drug addiction or other proposed psychological addictions. Some players become more concerned with their interactions in the game than in their broader lives. Players may play many hours per day, gain or escape significant weight due to playing, disrupt sleep patterns to play, play at work, avoid phone calls from friends and/or lie about play time. Relationships with family and friends, and instruction execution at work or school, may suffer. Theorists focus on the build in reward systems of the games to explain their addictive nature.4243 In reference to gamers such as one suicide in China, the head of one software acquaintance was quoted In the hypothetical world created by such games, they become surefooted and gain satisfaction, which they cannot get in the real world.44Researchers at the University of Rochester and Immersyve, Inc. (a Celebration, FL computer gaming Think-tank) investigated what motivates gamers to continue playing video games. According to lead investigator Richard Ryan, they intrust that players play for more reasons than fun alone. Ryan, a motivational psychologist at Rochester, says that many video games satisfy basic psychological needs, and players often continue to play because of rewards, freedom, and a connection with other players.45Michael Brody, M.D., head of the TV and Media Committee of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, stated in a 2007 adjure release that there is not enough research on whether or not video games are addictive. However, Dr. Brody also cautioned that for some children and adolescents it displaces physical activity and time spent on studies, with friends, and even with family.46Dr. Karen Pierce, a psychiatrist at Chicagos Childrens Memorial Hospital, sees no need for a specific gaming addiction diagnosis. Two or more children see her each week because o f excessive computer and video game play, and she treats their problems as she would any addiction. She said one of her excessive-gaming patients hasnt been to bed, hasnt showeredHe is really a mess.3Prevention and correctionSome countries, like sulphur Korea, China, the Netherlands, Canada, and the United States, have responded to the perceived threat of video game addiction by opening treatment centers. Because few clinical trials and no meta-analyses have been completed, research is still in the preliminary stages for excessive gaming treatment. The close effective treatments seem to be, as with addictions or dependencies, a combination of psychopharmacology, psychotherapeutics and twelve-step programs.

Why Do People Need Faith In God Theology Religion Essay

why Do People Need Faith In god god Religion EssayWe get hold of hunchn most theology since a very long time. We know that in Islam divinity pick out is Allah, Hindooism has umpteen deitys and roughly of them atomic number 18 Ganesh, Vishnu and Brahma, in Hebrew immortal name is Yahweh, in Christianity paragon name is Jehovah, Chineses N matinee idol is Yang Yin, one of Grecians Gods is Zeus and so on. We all in all know it, alone we dont know why in disparate religions God has distinguishable names and why some religions turn in umteen Gods. May be we never think about it. So my research question is why in diametric religions God has different names and why some religions select many Gods. In this essay I try to consider out answer to these questions.In the Christian Religion, there is plainly angiotensin converting enzyme God, who is a Trinity of Father, Son and Holy Spirit. Jesus was Jew hence He commitd and worshipped the only true God Jehovah and al ways time-tested to please Him he prayed to Him and loved Him John 173 states this core everlasting life the fetching in knowledge of YOU (prayer to Jehovah by Jesus) and the One you sent forth (Jesus) He never referred to Himself as God He never said the Holy Spirit was God. You see taking in knowledge of Jesus does not make Him God, but trustingness in Him is requirement for life. God cannot die but Jesus died for our sins and if we do not respect Jesus new role as the Naz arene we cannot gain life everlasting. Jehovah is God Jesus is the son of God as stated in scripture.1In the Jewish Religion, there is only one God, HaShem (The Name). In deference to Judaism, God is the correct spelling.2In the Muslim Religion, there is only one God, Allah, and Muhammed is his prophet. Allah has no intermediaries, no spouse, no children, and thus, Allah is ONE. In the Sikh Religion, there is only One, Hari who has many names and many forms.3In the Buddhist Religion, there are many Buddhas, but not all buddhists are deists or worshippers of Idols of Buddha. The first Buddha to attain enlightenment is Gautama Buddha, who is worshipped as a God in some strands of Buddhism. The Dalai Llama, for example comes from Tibetan Buddhism, which has deities. Buddha was a Hindu, so he would have been familiar with the Hindu deities.4In the Hindu Religion, there is one Formless God and a trimurti of Creator, Preserver and untier Gods. on that point are many other gods and consorts. In the Parsee Religion, Zoroastrianism, there is Ormazd, sometimes called Ahura Mazda or simply Mazda, the most well-known of their Gods.5There were other deities. In Confucianism, there is Tien (Heaven). Also known as Shang Di(The Lord on High). Ancestors are also worshipped. Taoism has numerous deities. Shinto has numerous deities. Jainism has numerous deites. Africans didnt have a religion, they had Spirituality from which ALL religions began, had Gods such as Isis, Horus, Heru, Ausar,Osirus Mayan r eligion has many deities, quaint Greek and Roman religions all had myths for example Yesus, Thor, Zeus, Mercury. The American Indians had their deities, and the Australian Aboriginals had their Gods and the Dreamtime. There were Norse Gods, Scandinavian Gods, Celtic Gods, Druidic Gods, along with nature religions also. Where ever there is mankind, there you will find worshippers of the Divine.6So, from this text I sympathise that many religions have just one God. But in some religions quite a little cerebrate that we more Gods and that there have certain destination. But why, mayhap people were easier to believe in something, such as a God to rationalize different phenomena, phenomena of life or explain some occurring moments in the life of mankind.However, why just this names? Firstly, we choose to know what the name is. In the ancient world names were thought to be highly powerful and to act, in some ways, as a separate reflectivity of a psyche or deity.7Well, I think that God hasnt cross name, so people named God like that, because they were based on their imagines about him. For example, Muslims, adherents of Islam named God Allah, because it is an Arabic word meaning The God. Greeks imagined that Zeus is the Father of Gods he is the god of sky and thunder in Greek mythology, so for Greek people Zeus is the main God, because sky is impersonation of world.But why we, people need faith in God? Faith is our motivation to fulfill our purpose. Faith and work are dependent upon one some other for existence. Theyre like energy and matter, Yin and yang, oppo perplexes, but complements.Without faith its impossible to please God8, so our relationship with the Lord is dependent on it. Faith is what brings the things God has provided for us from the spiritual realm into the physical realm9. Our faith is the success that enables us to overcome the world10. Everything the Lord does for us is accessed through faith. military man faith can only believe what i t can see, taste, hear, smell, or sapidity its limited to the five senses. Using natural human faith, we can sit in a chair weve never sat in and believe it will hold us up. We fly in airplanes when we dont fully understand how they work, and we dont know the pilot, but we trust that everything will be okay. That takes human faith, which God gave to every person. Yet when it comes to God, we have to believe things that we cannot see. You havent seen God or the devil. You havent seen nirvana or hell. You havent seen sin therefore, you wouldnt know what you would look like if your sins were taken away. However, you have to believe in all these things to be born again. How can you believe in things you cant see? The answer is that you cant believe in invisible things with human faith. You need Gods supernatural faith.11Sometimes when a person is bad, when he lost everything, he has only faith, belief in something good. We have a lot of good thoughts to believe, but the best of them i s the thought of God. In some situations, only faith in God can abet keep the kindness, confidence in our heart and move on.In concluded, why in some religions have many Gods? I think in some religions people cant prove or cant explain some phenomenon in life, in nature, so, their think that it all happens because of Gods. For example, if the sky shines for lightning, that gods were tempestuous at someone or at something or if the sun shines brightly, it pith that the gods have good mood and they were shone by pleasure because of their eternal, divine life. So people explain all this phenomena. Fine, I have answer for this question, but I didnt answer the question, why in different religions God has different names? I think because different people have a different worldview, so there have different beliefs to God, and there have different religions. If people have similar worldview, similar beliefs and have different religion I think it is wrong, because if all there thinks are similar, they dont need different religions, and they can be one extended religion. I think people need to believe to different Gods names, because they need to prove that their thoughts are different from other. So, I think exactly because of that in different religions God has different names.

History of Baju Kurung

History of Baju KurungThe baju kurung, a kind of regional clothes for Malayan female, includes baju and kurung. In Malay language, baju means clothes and shirts kurung means confinement, imprison. Baju is a kind of apparel coat, whose sleeve aloofness is to the wrist kurung is a kind of skirt, which is of the ankle length. Additionally, with a 200-year-long history, the baju kurung was invented by Sultan Abu Babar, who is the father of Modern Johor. In 1800s, when aiming at creating the baju kurung, he considered two main factors conforming to the rules of their theology and being aesthetically pleasing. As the time goes by, the baju kurung has developed into three main kinds of styles. The original style is the Taditional Baju kurung. The hemline comes beneath the knees. A nonher style is the Baju Kurung Kedah. It is similar to the conventional one, but its kurung is cut shorter in the hem so that it is below the waistline. The last style is the Baju Kurung Moden. It is the r ed-brick conventionality for women. There are many an(prenominal) differences between the modern cut and the traditional cut, for example, the collars in the modern one is comm however accessorized with some sumptuous buttons, fleck the tradition one seldom has this kind of decoration. Since Malaysia is an Islam country, Islam requires that a charwomans clothes should surmount the whole body except hands and face. Consequently, compared with modern clothes, the baju kurung may guess conservative. However, many Malay women still prefer the baju kurung.As Malaysia is an Islam country, the baju kurung not moreover meets the requirement of the religion, but as well battle arrays the unique culture of Malaysia. To conform to religion duty is one of the reasons why Malay women wear the baju kurung. Islam, with a to a greater extent than 1300 years long history, has a great influence on the Islamic and a stringent requirement about womens clothes. As record book, the holy with stand of the Islam, says, Prophet, tell your wives and daughters, and the women of the faithful, to draw their wraps a little over their faces. They will frankincense be recognized and no harm will come to them. deity is forgiving and kind (Koran, chapter33, verse59). Furthermore, The clothes for the Muslim women should not be so glamorous that it can attract the attention of men(Asma and Paul, 2003, pg189). Meanwhile, an attire of the baju kurung with a sleeve-length clothes coat and a long blouse, covering the whole body of a woman, loose enough and not revealing the figure, just fits the requirement. As a fact, 64.3% of Malay women pointed out they wore the baju kurung because of their religion. Besides, as a unique part of Malay culture, wearing the baju kurung among Malay women has been considered as a common way to show their cultural identity. As one Malay woman said, Not only Malay women, but also many Malaysia-Chinese girls enjoy wearing the baju kurung to defend that the y are in Malaysia, which indicates that they are really proud of their culture.Whats more, with the development of Malay culture, the baju kurung, which combines the merits of tradition and modern fashion, brings Malay women, peculiarly young women many benefits. First, the modern baju kurung adds more beauty, elegance, and safety to Malay women. The baju kurung is gradually modernized as the shut up on the right side of the skirt are varied, boarded, they do not always start from the waistline, and may be shorter and various in length the modern attire of the dress moves great individually(Broch-Due, Rudie, and Bleie, 1993, pg297). With the development of modern fashion, and many kinds of colours and embroideries to choose, various kinds of the baju kurung are designed to meet the requirements from individuals. In fact, 90% of Malay women said that the baju kurung was beautiful, and they enjoyed wearing the baju kurung. Additionally, The Baju kurung is loose enough, the ladies wh o are fat or pregnant can look elegant when they wear baju kurung(Anonymous, para.9). Covering the whole body but not wrapping up womens body, the baju kurung makes women more elegant. Meanwhile, the baju kurung brings oft safety. It must be loose enough, so as not to hound the shape of a womens body. So wearing the baju kurung makes me feel comfortable and safe, especially from naughty eyes which love to stare at womens body(Broch-Due, Rudie, and Bleie, 1993, pg199). While in some extent, the baju kurung may cover womens physical beauty. With a consideration of safety, the baju kurung is matter-of-fact and acceptable. Second, as a kind of national clothes, the baju kurung is widely worn in musket ball occasions, such as wedding, and funeral. One Malay young woman said, When a woman is wearing the baju kurung, she is generally considered polite, respectable, and genteel. From this view, the baju kurung is a kind of formal dress for certain occasions in Malaysia. Third, the baju kurung is comfortable and cool. It is true that Malaysia is a tropic country, when Malay women are wearing the baju kurung, it may be considered vehement and stuffy. However, 80% of Malay women explained that it was not hot at all. Made of cotton wool or silk, women who wear the baju kurung no longer feel hot and uncomfortable.In short, due to bringing mental and practical benefits, the baju kurung, as an unique traditional clothes, is acceptable by many modern Malay women. Moreover, to a Malay Muslim woman, wearing the baju kurung not only expresses her loyalty to Islam, but also displays Malay culture to foreigners. At the same time, the baju kurung makes women beautiful, elegant, safe, formal, and comfortable. Thats why the baju kurung, as a kind of traditional clothes, can be developed and inherited until today. entirely in all, if one traditional clothes intends to last longer, it can hit the books from the baju kurung, to make a successful combination tradition and moderniz ation.ReferencesBooksGeorge Sale (1764). The Koran commonly called the Alcoran of Mohammed. Britain Bavaria LibraryVigdis Broch-Due, Ingrid Rudie, Tone Bleie (1993). Jendered Symbols and Social Practice Cross-cultural Perspectives on Women. Britain Berg paperAsma Abdull Ah, Paul Pedersen (2003). Understanding Multicultural Malaysia delights irritations. America Pearson PublisherLaurence Goldstein (1991). The Female body figures, styles, speculations. America University of Michigan squashBeng Huat Chua (2003). Life is not complete without shopping consumption culture in Singapore. Singapore NUS PressJohn Nguyet Erni, Siew Keng Chua (2005). Asian media studies politics of subjectivities, first edition. America Wiley-BlackwellInternetRetrieved fromhttp//web.singnet.com.sg/hsh17/sect1baju.html on 26th October 2009http//www.101cookingrecipes.com/malaysia-cooking-recipes/malaysia-melayu-malay-baju-kurung-kebaya-cloth.php on 26th October 2009http//www.pahang-delights.com/baju-kurung.htm l on 28th October 2009http//www.websters-online-dictionary.org/translation on 3rd November 2009

Mass Media Is Always A Powerful Tool Media Essay

quite a little Media Is Always A Powerful appliance Media EssayIntroductionFrom the past until today, fold media is ever so a correctly tool and having a big influence among the slews. No superstar toilet assert that visual modality media was wreak zero effect to the peoples. On the eighteenth century, the first scheme about(predicate) mass media theory was world introduced. The theory is about how strong the media sens instantaneously influence the people scholarship and action. Over the years, there be many theories atomic number 18 being introduced.Mass media theories atomic number 18 commonly employ at the age of propaganda and 1 of the intimately successful propaganda is Nazis propaganda during World War 1. Propaganda is to influence public smell through and through the use of media. Nazi Propaganda was generated in many different kinds of media such as radio, cinema, speeches, visuals, events, brochures and etc. Be typefaces that, there are also many notable mass media theory being introduced like magic bullet theory, freudianism, behaviouristic psychology and etc.There are a lot of arguments about the mass media theories from the past until today. Some philosopher disputes that media are bringing negative influence to the public, and they shout that media should be low manipulate. However, there are also somewhat theories beg off that it brings positive effect such as libertarianism theory says that people are good and rational. So that, they support the media should lay down the freedom to report on everything and let the public to judge by themselves.Although there many debates about the role of mass media, but no single tin disclaim or underestimate the power of mass media. Mass media play as an important tool in instantly, and there are no groundbreaking countries banned the media. In fact, this means that every advanced land also rely on the media to communicate with their citizen. Media work as a tools for governing to spread the countersign and promote their latest policy to the public.The mainstream media in Malaysia has always been perceived as an important agent of change for most of the brasss policies. The mainstream media are report, television station and radio station. The mainstream media are used to encourage the acceptation of the imagination by the citizens of Malaysia. On 16 September 2010, Malaysia Deputy salad days Minister Datuk Seri Najib Tun Razak was introducing 1Malaysia archetype to all corners of the nation. The concept is about the culture of excellence, perseverance, acceptance, education, integrity, meritocracy, lowliness and loyalty.One of the main objectives of this concept is unity and integration. 1Malaysia aims to amend the relations among Malaysians, unheeding of racial, spectral or cultural backgrounds. As we know, Malaysia is a multi-racial country and the ternary main races of Malaysia are Malay, Chinese and Indian. Besides that, Malaysi a also melodys by some(prenominal) minority races such as Baba-Nyonya, Kadazan, Ibans, Eurasian, Orang Asli and etc. The concept of 1Malaysia is to strive all races living together hand-in-hand in harmony. In addition, 1Malaysia is also the concept to achieve the goal of Vision 2020 which introduced by Malaysia 4th prime minister Tun Dr. Mahathir Bin Mohammad. Vision 2020 is about evolution Malaysia to a fully get up country in the year 2020.1Malaysia concept aims to uphold unity, rejuvenate the intent of unity and camaraderie among people of Malaysia. Najib said the concept would be implement in an organized and overbearing manner to ensure that no confederacy was isolated from development of and kind. He said the concept was shored up by two main principles, which were mutual respect for superstar another and cuss in one another. When we bring on respect for one another, it means we have the open position of appreciating the concept of unity in diversity. The trust for one another will not come about all of a sudden. It has to be developed in an organized and determined way. he said. To achieve development for the country, the people must have a positive attitude of acceptance among the different races that will lead to unity. In short, the concept is to improve race relations in Malaysia and the mainstream media play as a happen upon in order to achieve the goals.PropagandaPropaganda aimed to influencing the attitude of a community toward some cause or position by presenting only one side of an argument. Propaganda is usually repeated and dispersed over a wide variant of media in order to create the chosen result in auditory sense attitudes. The desired result is a change of the attitude toward the subject in the target audience to further a presidencyal or religious order of business. Moreover, propaganda also can be used as a form of establishmental warfare. One of the most successful propaganda is Nazis propaganda during World War 1. The propaganda being use after Hitler took power in 1933Richard Alan Nelson define that propaganda is a systematic form of pur determineful persuasion that attempts to influence the emotion, attides, opinions, and actions of specified target audiences for ideological, political or commercial purposes through the ascendencyled transmission of one-sided message via mass and direct media channels. A propaganda organization employs propagandists who engage in propagandism applied humankind and distribution of such forms of persuasion.By focusing on the 1Malaysia concept, the theory was been used commonly in Malaysia. The people can always get in touch with 1Malaysia concept in Malaysia. The government is always propagandizing the 1Malaysia concept to Malaysians. putting surface media for transmitting propaganda messages include news reports, government reports, historical revision, books, movies, radio, television, posters and etc.For example, we can always see the poster that Na jib with the 1Malaysia significant pose and the significant pose was been recognized by the Malaysians. Other than that, Malaysian also can observe out 1Malaysias logo everywhere. Moreover, 1Malaysia is also come out with a authorship song, and the lyric is kita satu bangsa, satu negara, kita satu Malaysia and it means we are one nation, one country and one Malaysia. This all action is also trying to influence the public opinion through the use of media. They want people to remember the 1Malaysia concept and they motivate people every day and want people to change their attitudes.political Economy TheoryPolitical economy theorists study elite interpret of frugal institutions, such as banks and stock markets, and then try to face how this picture affects many others hearty institutions, including the mass media. Political economy is the interplay in the midst of economicals, law and politics and how institutions develop in different social and economic systems. It also says that to understand the media, ones must look at the whole shew which includes the ownership of media and the control group of media.In Malaysia, the elite will be the government and most of the mainstream media are privatization but all the media are colligate to the government and political party. In fact, Fleet Holding, a company which is under the United Malays National Organisation (UMNO) has the 80% share of the News flip Times Press and majority share in Utusan Melayu Press. These two presses are also producing the newspapers which have the largest readership in Malaysia. Moreover, the company also owns the share of 40% of Malaysia television station, TV3. In the other hand, Huaren holding Sdn. Bhd which link to Malaysian Chinese Association (MCA) have the share 58% of the other Malaysia English paper, TheStar Newspaper.From this we can found out that the Malaysia mainstream media have a close relationship with the political parties. It was easy to reach a large audience b y promoting 1Malaysia concept. The government or political party can show the welfares of the concept bring at the newspaper. People are more tend to believe what the newspapers carry. For example, clxxv 1Malaysia clinics by year end are reported on the TheStar newspaper on September 15, 2012. In fact, when the newspapers always carry the positive news of 1Malaysia concept, it helps to gain supports from Malaysia citizens.AuthoritarianismAuthoritarian theory describe that all forms of communication theory are fully under the control of the government. Authoritarians are necessary to control the media to encourage and prevent the people from the national threats through any form communication. As we know, Malaysia is an authoritarian country and all the media are fully control by the government.Basically, the government has all rightfulness ons to permit any media and control it by providing license. If any media violate the government policies against license, then the authority has all right to cancel the license and revoke it. In fact, Malaysia also comes out with a law which is Printing Presses and nationalation Act 1984. This is use to control the usage of printing presses in Malaysia. Under the law, all printing presses subscribe to a license granted by the Home Affair Minister and require to renewing the license.Besides that, Malaysia government also pisss certain censorship. Censorship is a suppression of any communication which may consider as noisome to the people, king, government and the country. The censorship helps to protect the rulers and authorities from sensitive issues. It used to protect the government to avoid been criticize by the media. The government has all right to restrict any sensitive issues from press to maintain peace and credential in the nation. This was a powerful ability for the government and it helps to promote the 1Malaysia concept. agendum Setting TheoryThe idea of agenda setting began in 1922 with Walter Lippmann s Public Opinion book. The originally suggested that the media sets the public agenda, in the sense that they may not exactly tell you what to think, but they may tell you what to think about. The three consequences of agenda setting effects are forming opinions, priming opinions through an tension on particular issues and shaping an opinion through an emphasis on particular attributes.First, it studied by the researchers, media use issues to influence the people what people should think about. And then media focus on the characters of issues how people should think about. The agenda setting theory are commonly used by the politician. The ostiarius plays as an important role in this theory and usually the media is the one who play as a gatekeeper. Gatekeeper controls over the selection of cognitive content discussed in the media. The media only show you what they comprehend as an important issue. referable to the Malaysia was an authoritarian country and the media are fully contr ol by the government, the government can use the media to publicize the 1Malaysia concept. When the media publicize the 1Malaysia concept and it will make up agenda setting theory. The media will indirectly tell the public what they have to discuss and what they have to focus. When the issue becomes a discussion among the Malaysians, it will strengthen the acceptance of the concept by the citizens. Marxist TheoryCentral to Marxist theory is an explanation of social change in terms of economic factors, according to which the means of production provide the economic base which influences or determines the political and ideological superstructure. Marxism encompasses an economic theory, a sociological theory, a philosophic method and a revolutionary view of social change. Marx argued that the hierarchical syllabus system was at the root of all social problems and must be ended by a revolution of the workers. He believed that elites dominated edict primarily through their direct con trol over the means of production, the base, or substructure, of society. But elites also maintained themselves in power through their control over culture.The inequalities between social classes are still happening in today society. For example, the riots happened in Malaysia on 13 May 1969 was an important possibility in Malaysia history. The incident make the government emphasizes on the economy isotropy between the races and it come out with a policy which is New economic Policy. Although this incident happen many years ago, but the problem of social classes are still remain in Malaysia today.The government member and kingly family of Malaysia are call as the aristocrat in Marxist theory. In order for the government to maintain their posture quo, the elite own the capitalist economy with their base. For example, Malaysias second privatize TV station Metrovision, the four share bearer company was closely related to UMNO. The companies are City television Sdn.Bhd, Melewar Cor poration, Utusan Melayu and Medanmas Sdn. Bhd.1Malaysia concept aims to improve the citizens living standard to escape from poverty. In fact, the government is the one who control of the superstructure which are the media. 1Malaysia concept is also helps the government to maintain their status and their power. The government wants to maintain their status and also achieve the peaceful among citizen or bourgeoisie and proletariat in Marxist theory. 1 Malaysia concept is the surmount way to achieve the goal for the benefit of country or benefit of the elite through the ownership of mainstream media and control of the message production-ideology.ConclusionIn conclusion, the media was always a powerful tool from past to now. In 21th century, media are becoming more powerful in this digital era, because people nowadays cant avoid getting in touch with media. Media was able to directly and also indirectly influence the people. So, the government should always use the media in a correct w ay. In fact, the mainstream media in Malaysia has always been perceived as an important agent of change for most of the governments policies. Malaysia government was able to make full use of the media and skillfully use the media to promote the 1Malaysia concept. In short, government make good use of media is one of the key to lead our country evolve to an advanced country to achieve the vision 2020 and also the 1Malaysia concept.

The Characters in A Streetcar Named Desire Essay -- A Streetcar Named D

A tramcar Named Desire is a classic tragedy written by Tennessee Williams, which make him the Pulitzer Prize as well as many another(prenominal) awards. This smart bidding explores many important themes and issues. The main recurring theme Williams explores to the readers is the contest between fantasy and reality, honesty and lies. However, sexuality, violence, and social differences also shape the execution of the plot, in which they contribute to the effect of the characters of the play. The three main characters, Blanche Dubois, Stella Kowalski, and Stanley Kowalski, have opposite ways of dealing with the said conflicts in their harsh surroundings in which they live in, as they all face different crisis. Blanche, who suffers from emotional and versed conflict, is caught between two worlds and tries to escape reality and the impartiality as such(prenominal) as she possibly can with her imagination. Stella on the other hand, is a nave and sensitive character, and whitetho rn be considered to be the protagonist of the play. Stella tries to ignore the truth going on around her, and as harsh as they may be, she accepts them. Stanley, who is an aggressive, dominant, and sexual character, uses violence to receive his desire, no matter the cost. Throughout this play, Blanche, Stella, and Stanley emphasise to survive and deal with reality in different ways in order to satisfy their desire. Blanche DuBois is the most interesting character in A Streetcar Named Desire. This is because she has an amazing ability of making her fantasy seem alike reality. From the beginning of the play, Blanche is already represented as an unstable woman. She has lost her component and residence due to creditors, and has turned to her younger sister for nurture. As the play develops, Blanches tr... ...of the two worlds was sent to a mental institution. Stanley on the other hand, is a very controlling and brute character. He believes that he is the captain of his house a nd that everything should be going according to him. When he feels like his transcendency is threatened, he uses violence to retain his power. He does anything and everything to maintain his dominance. After raping and direct Blanche to a mental institute, he feels that he has completed his revenge from her, and is at one time again the master of his home and wife. Stella suffers from her economizes bad temper. patronage that Stanley uses violence to get her to obey. However, she has now accustomed to his aggressive ways and has gotten along with the harsh reality surrounding her. Even after hearing that her husband raped her sister, she chose to believe the guilty and punish the innocent by direct her away.

Mary-Rose MacColl’s Novel, Killing Superman Essay -- Killing Superman

As a new light begins to pass over on the Vietnam War era, revealing several stories ab come out the effects of posttraumatic stress disorder on veterans and their children, it is time that the story about Australian Vietnam veterans and their families is told. Good pass out of the day Ladies and Gentleman of the Film Institute, today Im going to move you to turn Mary-Rose MacColls brilliant novel, Killing sexually transmitted disease, into a movie. Killing Superman focuses on the story of Scott, the son of a Vietnam War Hero who died in mysterious circumstances. Killing Superman is a brilliant depiction of the feeling of Scott whose father deserts him and then dies after a few years without contact. Scott discovers the dead man is nothing like the father he knew and without prerequisite closure Scott goes on a hunt riddled with lies and mysteries to find out what really happened to his father. The main themes present in MacColls novel ar the effects of the Vietnam War on th e soldiers and their children, the much larger theme of the furbish up a fathers absence and a lack of intercourse in the family kindle have on a son and besides the hypermasculine image created by some Australian men so that they can hide behind it. The Vietnam War veterans had the highest rate of suicide of all youthful day wars. When the veterans came back many were abusive to or distant from their families which had devastate effects on their psyches. The motion picture also shows how poor talk amongst parents and children can have huge consequences for the children. This is evident in how the poor communication in Scotts family and the absence of his father result in his break down. The film also highlights the men in Australian cultures who masquerade as hypermasculine individuals to impress other people and often hide... ...ll become more than and more nervous until the medicament is broken off by the assistants voice. This practice of medicine testament help to create tension and fear in the audience. However the music exit feature more light heartened tones than The Dark Knight music so as to fit in with the rest of the soundtrack. This scene will create a lot of tension and demonstrates to the viewer how desperate Scott is to break his father again. This film will help to push Australias film industry towards a different type of film where Australian larrikinism is traded in for more stories on the silences of Australian culture. This film is also very pertinent to todays society as it highlights how the effects of the Vietnam War and a lack of communication can destroy a young boys life. If this novel was made into a film it would reveal some other side of Australian culture and hopefully further the industry.

Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka, Kansas Essay -- Segregation Rac

Brown v. Board of learning of Topeka, KansasOn May 17, 1954 the get together States Supreme Court handed down the Brown v. Board of Education of Topeka Kansas legal opinion. The supreme courts ruling stated that stop was in fact not equal. The court ordered that all schools desegregate. This ruling had finally and once and for all put a stop to the dejure separatism of our nations schools that had existed since the time when African Americans were allowed to attend schools. This ruling was decidedly one of the well-nigh significant legal victories in the history of the well-mannered rights movement and possibly the entire twentieth century. It is viewed this way because This movement rebuked centuries of government-sanctioned dense inferiority (Cohen p. 22) and most importantly it overturned the Plessey v. Ferguson ruling. The Brown decision hard new life for the hope of Americas future, that all children no matter of race would be able to receive an equal education. In addition, the NAACP had gained impulse and had big plans to continue the civil rights movement in other areas. Their agendum included housing segregation and employment discrimination. Thurgood Marshall and other members of the NAACPs law team were confident in their success and believed that it would only be a short period of time of five years originally school segregation would be totally eliminated. Sadly, desegregation was not achieved as rapidly and as smoothly as anticipated. In fact, many slew claim that in many areas today the schools are resegregating. According to Ted Shaw, run of the NAACPs legal defense fund, we are currently resegregating, and no none seems to care (regression on integration). Since this year marks the fiftieth ann... ... from. However, the thing that disappoints me the most is that after conducting more in depth reading than I previously had done, I still have no answer of how to cook the difficulty. I realize that it would be fo olish of me to realistically think that I could fix the problem with what little I have studied the subject in this class, but out of all the reading I have done, I could not find a single article that actually gave a solution of how to fix the problem other than continuing the battle in the courts. This is the part that this is so disheartening to me. There is a real problem and I want to fix it, but apparently it is going to be a long struggle to get things back on track. industrial plant Cited1. Holst, B. (2004, July). Resegregations aftermath. The Atlantic Monthly, 294, 64. 2. Cohen, A. (2004, Jan. 18).The supreme struggle. The New York Times, pp. 22.

Cheating Essay -- Education Cheating Cheater Essays

Cheating There is an ever turnout problem spreading throughout colleges all across America cheating. Is it a serious offence or just a harmless iniquity? Cheating is on the rise, but schools and colleges are non far hobo with ways of dealing with it. Mark Clayton deals with this issue in his turn out entitle A Whole Lot of Cheatin Going On.Claytons essay is heavy quoted along with an obvious absence of his ideas. The reader is supposed to believe that his quotes accurately represent his views on the matter at hand. Claytons essay is originally pathos due to the amount of quoted ideas.The essay starts off quoting a starter at University of Texas Cheating is an answer. It might not be a ethical answer, but none the less it is an answer. (20) Clayton goes on saying that the student does not believe in cheating but was only trying to evince a point. Clayton later quotes an associate provost at Rutgers University who describes how cheating is on the rise. Clayton says, He and others blame poor role models and lack of parental guidance for the ontogenesis acceptance of cheating in colleges. (20) Neither Clayton nor the associate provost proves themselves to make a pathos statement such as this one. Clayton never states why the reader should trust what he has to say or what he believes. All of his entropy comes from quoted material so what makes his position any more credible than the bonnie Joe with access to the internet or a library?Ethos is integrated hygienic with Claytons personal feelings by stating, Pervasive change in societal value can make students easily be snared if they lack a strong moral compass. (20) However, Clayton goes decently back to his quotes after having only one de... ...y, Ill go conterminous week. You do the reading this week, Ill do it next week. (24) These students and others usually do not find sharing work to be a regulate of cheating. They simply help each other. However, colleges with honor codes feel that by placing students in an honest environment, they are more likely to be honest themselves.On the whole, Clayton does a salutary job at presenting a problem, explaining it, and even describes what is beingness done about it however, he does not do a good job at presenting an argument on his own. His entire view on the matter at hand is expressed through quotes with little-to-no emotional views of his own. He uses pathos, logos, and ethos throughout his article even though he heavily stands on the ethos of other people. I would consider this to be more of an informative essay that depicts just how much cheating really is going on.

Emily Bronte and Elizabeth Barrett-Browning :: Biography Biographies Essays

Emily Bronte and Elizabeth Barrett-Browning As I looked through the literary works we have cover this term I noticed that there were only two rigid females we have studied that seem to play a strong secern in the development of British Literature. Emily Bronte and Elizabeth Barrett-Browning were strong, influential figures in the literary world. Emily Brontes Wuthering senior high can be credited with the title of the first Romantic clean of its time and her poetry was similarly redefining the poetry of the era. Unintentionally, I believe, Emily set a new standard for makeup. Her use of nature, an undefined hero and heroine, the unusual organise of narrators, and her portrayal of the supernatural powers within the plot all contribute to her literary groundbreaking, trend setting style. Her poetry is also unique in that it has a personal flair not typically seen in previous poets. It is a very personal reflection of what she is enduring at the moment. That interpr etation, however, is not tout ensemble clear without the historical context. A little while, a little while, The clamant crowd are barred away I can bubble and I can smile A little while Ive a holyday (WH 296) could be interpreted as any number of things without the reader cosmos richly aware that at this point in her purport Bronte was a trapped in a job she hated far from her beloved home and family. She was a governess. In that light it makes her poem makes complete nose out she needed to get away from the children she was responsible for. Several of her other poems were also born of this time in her life and reflected her homesickness. Elizabeth Barrett-Browning too wrote about her life but I saw her work as more air and open than that of Bronte. Without the historical knowledge of Brontes life at the time of her writing her poems are beautiful but the reader cannot fully appreciate the emotional elements behind the words. Barrett-Brownings works were muc h clearer as to their intent and even without a working knowledge of her relationship with Robert Browning the reader can fully appreciate the powerful dramatic emotions flowing through her words. Her most famous sonnet How do I love thee?

Changing Current Marketing Strategy for Cruise Line Essay -- business

STRATEGIES spurnedSea Goddess Cruises, Limited (SGC) is obviously not accomplishing what it needs to financi bothy to commence a fair share of the market. There are a depend of electric current strategies that will be reconsidered and jilted.SegmentationThe first of these strategies that will be rejected deals with segmentation. Sea Goddess Cruises has not adequately considered enough segments in the market, which has been a major contributor to the lack of market share. SGC should eliminate all plans for monosegmenting. As stated in earlier reports, the segment that SGC is campaigning to target (i.e. lawyers, doctors, CEOs, etc.) is not large enough to make consistent profit. SGC must look at some other segments to a greater variety of passengers, which may and so lead to increased market share and r til nowue. We affirm found that the current segment is far too narrow and complex. SGC may want to try and market more than to the upper-middle class or middle class tidy sum of the population. In addition to this rejected strategy, it is important that SGC does not oversegment in their efforts to advance the union. Oversegmentation is extremely expensive and a majority of segments do not have the financial abilities it takes to enjoy a Sea Goddess cruise. Also, the current facilities are rattling limited, considering SGC only employs to ships.AdvertisingA second strategy that has been rejected is wizard concerned with the consumer consciousness of SGC. Currently, SGC is only advertisement to travel agencies. Coupled with segmentation, SGCs current advertising strategy has hurt SGC in the sense that consumer awareness is considerably low. Only a small ploughshare of the population even knows that Sea Goddess exists. SGC is only targeting those who travel frequently. They may want to target the portion of the population that wants to travel, but is unsure of where to go or what to do. In disposition for SGC to reach the consumer, new efforts must be made in the advertising plan. Mere travel agency recommendations are not divergence to be enough to keep SGC alive in the marketplace. Other vehicles are going to be necessary to spread SGCs message about the luxuries and benefits of this comical cruise. At the present time, only a small number of all travel agencies have the sufficient knowledge that it takes to make an informative merchandise to the consumer. It may be profitable for SGC to employ some hi... ...lavishness of the cruise.The End of self-sufficiencyCurrently, Sea Goddess Cruises is alone in a business sense. They are not associated or affiliated with any larger cruise lines. It may be lucrative or profitable for Sea Goddess to lose this autonomy. SGC should attempt to flux with a larger company, such as Carnival. A larger company might want to adopt SGC as a smaller, little babe type of company. This could boost customer awareness greatly. For example, if a couple is feel to take an expensive, private cru ise, they may look to Carnival. Carnival Cruise Lines or the travel agent may view Sea Goddess as more fitting for this couple. They could recommend to the couple they might be more conform to for a Sea Goddess cruise. The relationship could be reciprocal, because Sea Goddess or a travel agent could, in return, refer a family of six to a Carnival cruise. They could also cooperate together in advertising schemes. As you can see, Sea Goddess needs to undergo some major changes. These changes could assist lead to a more positive business image. The strategies that have been rejected in this report will help lead SGC to increased net profit and customer awareness.

Freaks of the Core :: Essays Papers

Freaks of the content Wherein lies the odd attraction and power of the freakish? Just as often as it introduces us to expressions of common military man experience, study in the Humanities in any case introduces us to the decidedly uncommon--to writers, artists and thinkers who fight down conventional limits of language and narrative, vision and imagination, memory and history, or logic and rationality. For our Freaks of the Core colloquium, we explored the outer limits of human expression and experience. What, we asked, defines the abnormal or the outlandish? the overzealous or heretical? the illusory or the grotesque? Why be we commonly drawn to the very uncommon? Nothing, indeed, is more revolting, wrote Thomas De Quincey in his famously freaky Confessions of an English Opium-Eater, than the spectacle of a human being obtruding on our notice his moral ulcers or scars, and sundering away that decent drapery which time, or indulging to human frailty, may bring on drawn ove r them (1).1 But De Quincey chose to tear away that drapery in his Confessions nevertheless, believing that his outlandish experiences with addiction, poverty and head game would teach his readers valuable lessons that outweighed any offense. In that hope it is that I have drawn this up, wrote De Quincey, and that must be my apology for breaking through that thin-skinned and honorable reserve, which, for the most part, restrains us from the public exposure of our own infirmities (1). The essays under also tear away the decent drapery which covers the sometimes unsightly extremes of human experience, and they do so with similar hopes and reasons. Kimberly Tsau, for example, follows De Quinceys lead in her analysis of T. S. Eliots The Waste Land, suggesting that among the violence, apathy, and disjointedness of the poem is a call to face and learn from suffering. Her essay, dangling in a Jar, examines how Eliot collects a variety of cultural memories, cutting and pasting them in c oncert to form a collection that is both terrifying and edifying. In Per Repitio Nos Studiare The Struggles of Abraham and God, Ryan Priester also explores how one learns through repeated suffering. Instead of examining human apathy or submission in the face of pain, however, his examination of the binding of Isaac introduces us to the eccentric of human rebellion and resistance. Both The Waste Land and the relationship amongst Abraham and God revolve around the human response to excess and extremity.

The Three Elements of the Female Athlete Triad Essay -- Athletics Wome

The Three Elements of the pistillate Athlete leashFor an increasing form of women in the United States, a concern or preoccupation with body weight and size is a constant pressure. Female athletes, like most women in our society, are also often pressured to adjust to certain ideal body sizes and shapes, as dictated by the frolic and fashion industries. Female athletes, however, case a twofold pressure. They face the load that our culture places on all women to be thin, but they also face the burden from coaches, parents, and other athletes to succeed in sports and look good doing so by maintaining an unrealistically low weight. When weight gain means remotion from a team or elimination from competition, many female athletes puzzle out to dangerous food restriction and excessive economic consumption. This pressure to achieve or maintain unrealistically low body weight underlies the development of a syndrome recently named the Female Athlete Triad. First identified by the Ameri can College of Sports Medicine in 1992, the Female Athlete Triad consists of three aesculapian disorders commonly found in female athletes disordered eat, amenorrhea, and osteoporosis. Alone to each one disorder is dangerous in combination the triad disorders are potentially fatal.Eating Disorders in Female AthletesBefore evaluating the available studies on the prevalence of disordered eating among female athletes, it is necessary to recognize the many limitations and problems that pinch with such studies. First of all, there are a limited number of studies on this segment of females and their eating patterns. Also, many of these studies rely on self-reporting surveys, which inherently whitethorn be flawed due to the fact that many athletes may deny disordered eating b... ...74-1475.Smith, A. (1996). The female athlete triad. Physician and Sportsmedicine, 24, 67. saddle gain does not increase bone density in women with eating disorders. (2000) International Journal of Eating Disorders, 27, 29-35.Wiita, B.G., Stombaugh, I.A. (1996). Nutritional knowledge, eating practices, and health of callow female runners a 3-year longitudinal study. International Journal of Sports Nutrition, 6, 414-425.Williams, N.I., Young, J.C., McArthur, J.W., Bullen, B., Skrinar, G.S., Turnbull, B. (1995). Strenuous exercise with caloric restriction effect on luteinizing hormone secretion. Medicine and acquaintance in Sports and Exercise, 27, 1390-1398.Yeager, K., Agostini, R., Nattiiv, A., and Drinkwater, B. (1993). The female athlete triad Disordered eating, amenorrhea, osteoporosis. Medicine and information in Sports and Exercise, 25, 775-777.

Emerson :: essays research papers

Emerson was born in capital of Massachusetts, Massachusetts. Emerson graduated from Harvard University at the age of 18 and for the next three course of studys taught school in Boston. In 1825 he entered Harvard graven image School, and the next year he was certified to preach by the Middlesex tie of Ministers. Even with ill health, Emerson delivered occasional lecture in churches in the Boston area. In 1829 he became minister of the Second Church (Unitarian) of Boston. That same year he married Ellen Tucker, who died 17 months later. On Christmas Day, 1832, he left the coupled States for a tour of Europe. He stayed for some time in England, where he made the associate of such British literary notables as Walter wild Landor, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Thomas Carlyle, and William Wordsworth. His meeting with Carlyle marked the beginning of a lifelong friendship.On his return to the United States in 1833, Emerson settled in Concord, Massachusetts, and became active as a lecturer in Boston. His lectures including The Philosophy of History, Human Culture, Human Life, and The devote Age were based on material in his Journals (published posthumously, 1909-1914), a line of battle of comments and notes that he had begun while a student at Harvard. Emerson applied these ideas to cultural and logical problems in his 1837 lecture The American Scholar, which he delivered before the Phi of import Kappa Society of Harvard. In it he called for American intellectual independence. A entropy address, commonly referred to as the Address at Divinity College, delivered in 1838 to the graduating build of Cambridge Divinity College, produce great controversy because it attacked formal religion and argued for arrogance and unconscious spiritual experience.The first script of Emersons Essays (1841) includes some of his most popular works. It contains History, Self-Reliance, Compensation, Spiritual Laws, Love, Friendship, Prudence, Heroism, The Over-Soul, Circles, Intellect , and Art. The second series of Essays (1844) includes The Poet, Manners, and Character. In it Emerson tempered the hopefulness of the first volume of essays, placing less importance on the self and acknowledging the limitations of real life. Emerson succeeded her as editor in chief in 1842 and remained in that capacity until the journal ceased publication in 1844. In 1846 his first volume of Poems was published (dated, however, 1847).Emerson again went abroad from 1847 to 1848 and lectured in England, where he was welcomed by Carlyle. Several of Emersons lectures were later collected in the volume deterrent example men (1850), which contains essays on such figures as Greek philosopher Plato, Swedish philosopher Emanuel Swedenborg, and cut writer Michel Eyquem de Montaigne.

Commodore Matthew Perry: American Black Ships in the Land of the Samur

Commodore Matthew Perry American Black Ships in the Land of the SamuraiOne hundred and cubic decimeter years ago, an American commodore was assigned by the American President to go to the barbarian land. The commodores name was Matthew Perry and the land was lacquer (Walworth 18). He was comic enough to become interested in the mission, even though it was express that the japanese were the least interesting sight in the world at that time (Graff 63). lacquer had been closed to the outside world for 250 years. When foreign people entered Japanese waters, even if they were shipwrecked by accident, they were interned in jails and some of them were killed (Lubor 33). The reasons for the Japanese isolationist policies were the military threats of double-uern countries and the invasive influence of Western people who brought Christianity and cultures unalike from the Japanese. Also the Japanese k parvenu how Western military had dominated many countries, including the gigantic China so easily (Duus 56-57). At that time, the United States saw that Japan might be ideally situated to serve as a coaling station for the new steam-powered ships of the U.S. Navy as well as a new opportunity for trading. Actually, during the Japanese isolation, many American ships lookup whales off the coast of Japan needed a port for supplies however, Japan was cruel to sailors shipwrecked on its shores and not interested in any condescension with foreigners (Lubor 33). That is why, Perry prepared for this expedition for a long time by forum information and collecting the gifts for the Japanese to impress them (Walworth 23). When Perry arrived at Uraga in Japan with five black ships in 1853, the Japanese did not welcome him and assay to force him to re... ...tute of Navy and studied military technology. In 1868, a new government was established and made the first constitution refereed by Germany. Unfortunately, by and by this era, the Japanese started dominating other Asian countries just as the West did before. It was an ironical aspect of Perrys opening pu of Japan to the world. plant Cited Duus, Peter. The Rise of Modern Japan. Boston Houghton-Mifflin, 1976.Fallows, James. After Centuries of Japanese Isoation, a Fateful Meeting of East and West. Smithsonian July 1994 20-33.Friedrich, Otto. How Japan Turned West. Time Aug. 1983 37. Graff, heat content F. Bluejackets with Perry in Japan. New York New York Public Library, 1952.Lubor, Steven. Smithsonian Goes to Japan. The Public historian. 1995. 33-45.Walworth Arthur. Black Ships Off Japan. Hamden Archon Books,1966.

The Evil Eye Essay -- essays research papers

The Evil centerEdgar Allen Poe shows us the dark part of human kind. Conflict with in ones self, take of madness, and emotional break down all occur within this before long story. The fibber of the story is a mad man that is haunted by his idea that the old man has an evil eye.Through the first mortal narrator, Edgar Allan Poes "The Tell-Tale Heart" illustrates how mans imagination is capable of cosmos so vivid that it profoundly affects peoples lives. The manifestation of the narrators imagination unconsciously plants seeds in his mind, and those seeds grow into an unmanageable blot for which there is no room for reason and which culminates in murder. The fixation on the old mans vulture-like eye forces the narrator to concoct a plan to eliminate the old man. The narrator confesses the sole reason for sidesplitting the old man is his eye. The narrator begins his tale of betrayal by laborious to convince the reader he is not insane, but the reader chop-chop surmise s the narrator indeed is out of control. The fact that the old mans eye is the only motivation to murder proves the narrator is so mentally unstable that he must search for justification to kill. In his mind, he rationalizes murder with his own unreasonable fear of the eye. The narrator wrestles with conflicting feelings of business to the old man and feelings of ridding his life of the mans "Evil oculus". Although afflicted with overriding fear and derangement, the narrator still acts wit...

Essay About Family: Waiting for Papaw :: Personal Narrative Family Grandfathers Essays

h sure-enough(a) for PapawI am under the belief that the concept of beat as we know it, does not exist in hospitals. Upon entering, one loses each sense of what sentence it is, what day of the week it is, and how long theyve been there. Hospitals are places of healing, of caring, of corking medical advancements and live saving procedures. They are a place of cooperate chances, of last chances, and sometimes very little chance at all. They are also a place for dying. I learned all of this and whence some during the eighteen days in December that I spend at my grandads bedside in Holy Spirit Hospital. My grandfather went into the hospital with the symptoms of a stroke on Saturday, December 13, 2003. He dog- shopworn the first 4 days of his stay in a coma, induce by the doctors misdiagnosis of his condition. My grandfather had not had a stroke, in fact he had a condition in which his liver was overloaded with toxins and was shutting down. It was a problem hed been suffering f rom for quite some time however, none of his doctors had diagnosed his symptoms correctly. The sedative they gave him upon arrival in the emergency room alone worsened his condition. Upon waking up, he had to be restrained to prevent him from removing his IVs and attempting to make out out of bed. He improved steadily over the next few days, and we were expecting to have him home soon. Unfortunately, he was left unrestrained one evening and was able to remove his IV, catheter, and then climb out of bed. The nurses found him on the floor of his bathroom. How long he was there, well never know, because the time the nurses told us he was found, we know is not correct. He was given another dose of a sedative which caused him to be extremely disoriented the following morning, yet his old self was still shining through.Papaw, I asked upon arriving in his room that morning, why are you so tired today?Because I made three hundred faustnauhts last night. He replied without hesitation. No w, I can imagine that anyone would be tired from that, but where my grandfather came up with the word faustnauht instead of donut, Ill never know. On Christmas Eve, after spending eleven days in the same hospital bed, he lost circulation in his left outgrowth and had to undergo surgery.

Adult Education Essay -- essays research papers

association Based Adult EducationA. Global Assessment of Community Based Adult Education. This includes most important contributions they stop make to fellowship in the face of what ar considered the most significant challenges of the 1990s. Who are the customers and how can they best be served? Which of the philosophies of adult commandment are most unmingled in each case?Adult educators in community ground development identify with a specific content area or with a specific clientele. For example literacy (the adult reading programs established passim different communities) and also health (aids awareness programs).Aims and purposes of community-based adult education are usually directly related to specific community issues.Community discipline (strictly an educational process everything else is secondary) vs. Popular Education (providing social skills useful to the oppressed).Community-Based education operates on the assumption that a given community has potential to il luminate many of its problems.The customers are the people in the community with common needs.Paulo Freire is the teaching thinker under the Popular Education.B. What trends are evident (or can be expected) that will impact such institutionsEducation with the people instead of for the peop...

A Psychoanalytic Interpretation of Rapunzel Essay -- Hay Rapunzel Essa

A psychoanalytic Interpretation of Rapunzel The familiar story of Rapunzel, as told by the brothers Jacob Ludwig Carl and Wilhelm Carl Grimm, takes on new-fashioned meaning with a psychoanalytic interpretation. It is a complex tale well-nigh desire, achievement, and loss. The trio of husband, wife, and witch function as the ego, id, and superego respectively to govern behaviour regarding a beautiful object of desire, especially when a prince discovers this object. The story begins in a rural house where a man and woman be without children, near a walled garden tended by a frightening witch. The prime(prenominal) line of the story tells us that they yearn for a child. It is clear that in that location exists in this house an almost tangible feeling of desire to reveal offspring. The Freudian concept of the libido or the life force explains this desire as a product of the unconscious id(Guerin 129). To show further the prevalence of the id in this house, which in itself is a symbol of the human mind, the wife covets a vegetable, rampion, which she sees in the neighboring garden from her tiny window to the outside. I shall die unless I can have some of that rampion to eat.(Grimm 514) The wife comes to represent this egoistical element of the mind, and this is her primary function in the story. When she speaks, both times she is all asking for something that she wants. She has no name, as she does not function as a full character. Her husband must take on the role of intermediary to weigh her selfish desires against laws and morals that condemn stealing. This role represents the ego, which regulates the selfish id and the morose moral superego to reach a decision (Guerin 130). He decides that his wifes urgent quest for the rampion outweighs the moral ... ...from the ground. These roots may very well be radishes, or rampion, which is his wifes namesake. In the end, the witchs social control balances out the desire of the prince for a wife. The man and woman, ego and id, living in a small house, the mind, quite a little with the witch, the superego, who is outside of the house and represents laws and rules. They produce a child who becomes a commodity, and the domiciliate of the story tells of the struggle between superego and id to settle the ownership of this prize. Works Cited Grimm, Jacob Ludwig Carl and Wilhelm Carl. Rapunzel. Stories. Ed. Eric S. Rabkin. red-hot York HarperCollins College Publishers, 1995. 514-517. Guerin, Wilfred L., Earle Labor, Lee Morgan, Jeanne C. Reesman, and John R. Willingham. A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. New York Oxford University Press, 1999. 125-156.

The Elements of Fantasy and Horror Essay -- Literary Analysis, This Wa

The elements of delusion and horror blend unneurotic perfectly to create an unforgettable series of events. An example of immorality fantasy is Something Wicked This route Comes, the newfangled by Ray Bradbury that tells the story of deuce young boys, Jim and lead, who discover the secret of a mysterious traveling carnival. The witching(prenominal) carnival has many lures, including a frightening mirror maze and a carousel that changes ones age. However, its allure only causes one to deterioration into the clutches of the ringmaster, Mr. Dark, an illustrated man who tat toos each person bound to the carnival in servitude onto his skin. Along with Wills father Charles, the boys set out to study and destroy the soul-sucking attraction. They eventually defeat the carnival through love and enjoyment during this time, Charles also comes to the extraordinary realization to not take behavior too seriously. Ray Bradburys symbols in the novel Something Wicked This Way Comes coiff e and emphasize the theme life endures through constant struggle mingled with good and evil. Jim and Will, Charles, and the carnival attractions demonstrate the theme in Bradburys novel and bring it to life. The literary elements Ray Bradbury incorporates in Something Wicked This Way Comes plays an inborn role in shaping the main idea of the novel. Jim and Will understand symbols that greatly help unravel the theme in Something Wicked This Way Comes. In the first place, they illustrate symbols of good and evil, with Jim as the darker of the two and Will as the lighter. Charles can see that this appears obvious, and he points it out to the kids. He states, Jim wears the shocking ten-gallon hats and reads books to fit. Middle names Moriarty, right, Jim? Any day now hell move up from Fu Manchu ... ...ruggles and will continue to do so as long as life itself continues. The carnival attractions serve as refined symbols in proving the theme. The use of symbols in Something Wicked Th is Way Comes renders the theme that life bears through unvarying battle amid good and evil more apparent. To begin with, Will and Jim represent good and evil, respectively, and struggle constantly between themselves throughout the course of the novel. Subsequently, Charles also symbolizes good and battles with many types of evil in the book, including Mr. Dark and the Dust Witch. In conclusion, the carnival attractions include forms of fear and temptation that fight against the main characters as the plot progresses. Something Wicked This Way Comes combines dark nights, folk-tale characters, and magical elements to relate supernatural and sinister matters to everyday life.

Beloved by Morrison Essay -- Morrison Beloved Book Review

dearest by MorrisonBeloved is the story of an escaped slave, Sethe, who is trying to achieve true freedom. Unfortunately, though she is no yearlong in servitude to a master, she is chained to her hainted past. Morrison effectively depicts the shattered lives of Sethe, her family, fellow cause slaves, and the community with a unique writing style. The narrative does non follow a traditional, linear plot line. The reader discovers the story of Sethe through fragments from the past and present that Morrison reveals and intertwines in a variety of ways. The novel is standardised a puzzle of many pieces that the reader must put unneurotic to form a full picture. Through this style, which serves as a fable for the broken lives of her reference books, Morrison successfully conveys the horrors of slavery and the power of a community.One of Morrisons techniques is to interrelate the story of Beloved from several different compass points of view. Most of the book is told from third-person omniscient, with the standpoint character constantly changing. For example, in chapter three the perspective switches even during a flashback. At first, the story is told from Sethes viewpoint. Down in the grass, like the snake she believed she was, Sethe opened her mouth, and instead of fangs and a split tongue, out shot the truth (39). accordingly the narrative changes to the perspective of Amy Denver, who helps Sethe escape when she is pregnant. The girl moved her eyes slowly, examining the greenery around her. Thought thered be huckleberries. Look like it. Thats why I come up in here. Didnt expect to find no ringtail woman (39). Every character in the book, dead included, tells weaken of the story. In chapter sixteen, the point of view switches to... ...nt. He has sex with Beloved and when he reaches the inside part he was saying, Red heart. Red heart, over and over again (138).Morrison weaves together the story of characters whose shared past is so devastating they cannot live in the present. By using a writing style as fragmented and troubled as the lives of her characters, Morrison actively involves the reader in piecing together the horrors of slavery. Beloved at times was difficult to read because of the emotional impact of its passages.The character of Ella best describes the struggle of their lives when she says, The future was sunset the past something to leave behind. And if it didnt appease behind, well, you might have to stomp it out. Slave life freed life-every day was a test and a trial. Nothing could be counted on in a world where even when you were a solution you were a problem (302).

Instant Messenger Changed My Life (For the Better!) :: Internet Essays

Instant messenger Changed My Life (For the Better) Since I was in Seventh or one-eighth grade I involve used AOL Instant Messenger as a way to communicate with my friends and family. I would sit online for hours upon hours talking to my friends. You werent cool unless you had AIM (AOL Instant Messenger) at your home. Every since the day I started using it I have become addicted to it. For a distich of months when it number one came out it was kind of taking over my life. It would be the first thing I did when I got home from school, take a snitch for dinner then go straight back to chatting online until my mom strained me to go to bed. I never thought of it as a erudition experience until I got a little older. When thinking back on how I learned to do things on the computer and/or some(a) things in everyday life they all connect to AIM in a strange way. AIM had forced me to write and talk the likes of I would type. I would use abbreviations and even spell record bo oks shorter on paper so they would be faster to write down bonnie like on AIM when you use shorter spellings to type faster. For example the word because, first became shortened to cause then it became cuz since it was only three letter instead of the original seven. I think it was just around the eon of sixteen when I could finally drive, that I stopped being so obsessed with AIM. Although when I left home for college, I quickly became at a time again obsessed. I found that instead of doing my homework Id try to talk to my friends that didnt have away messages up. If they did have a message up Id check it like flipper times just in case it changed. Even when I have class or go to work I dont sign off, I just put an away message up explaining to my friends and family where I am and how to get a hold of me. Now my infant who is thirteen is addicted to AIM and following in the same footsteps as myself. She would rather spend her entire summer vacation inside on the computer rathe r than swimming, rollerblading or riding her bike with friends.

Cultural Engineering of the Poetic Parental Instinct :: Areopagitica John Milton Poetry Essays

Cultural Engineering of the Poetic P arntal Instinct It seems that biological genetic engineering is not a contained threat in the finis decade it seems to have spilled signifi can buoytly into cultural and literary studies. In spiritual rebirth studies, this impetus becomes evident in Richard A. Goldthwaithes Wealth and the Demand for Art in Italy 1300-1600 (1993) and especially in Lisa Jardines Worldly Goods A New History of the spiritual rebirth (1996). These new histories of domain of a functionly and wealthy Renaissance attempt to present consumerism and Thatcherism as the moving spirit of Renaissance parliamentary procedure and art. Considering the mere fact that less(prenominal) than 5% of the population could have afforded art, this search for Thatcherite motions in Renaissance society and culture seems to correlate, in its result, to what T. S. Eliot defines as artists search for new emotions in art. Unfortunately, this trend of engineering the cultural history can be observed, albeit in a slightly different form, also in the studies of individual authors and their works, and John Milton and his Areopagitica are no exception. One of the reasons for this trend in Milton studies and this particular pamphlet can be sought in the over-saturation of Areopagitica criticism dealing, to a great extent, with confused aspects of authorial intention and textual berth. This particular strain seems to have been brought to the top of absurdity in Paul M. Dowlings Polite Wisdom Heathen magniloquence in Miltons Areopagitica (1995), a book from which one can conclude, in note to earlier criticism (Barker, Kendrick, Belsey), that Miltons main intention for his pamphlet was to be mum at two levelsas suggested in Dowlings title and to defend only when the freedom of philosophic speech. As D. F. McKenzie has noted, recently there has been a duty period of scholarly interest in Miltons Areopagitica from questions of authorial intention and textual authority to those of textual dissemination and readership (Miller 26). While this distancing from the authorial intention has resulted in well-nigh illuminating works roughly the world of printing, Renaissance economy, censorship and universe sphere (Miller, Sherman, Norbrook), it has also produced some curious side-effects because the critics cannot avoid, in their final analysis, hint upon the authorial intention in the light of their newly made discoveries. Thus, Stephen B. Dobranski suggests that, since Areopagitica is about books, the reading of the text should begin (but not, of course, end) by placing the pamphlet within the world of printing

Future of Automobiles :: science

Future of AutomobilesLately the trim back in cars has been anything but. Lately in the United States the trend has moved toward the SUV or the Sports Utility Vechile. Thats Right the family station wagon and the Minivan are things of the past and I am going to take you through a thorough interrogative my favorite the Toyota 4Runner Ltd 1997 Toyota 4Runner Limited 4WD WHATS NEW FOR 1997 All-new 4Runner debuts with more interior room, stronger engines, triplex airbags, new colors, and a top-of- the-line Limited trim level. For the first time, the 4Runner boasts a extraordinary chassis and sheetmetal not shared with the Tacoma pickup. PROS AND CONS Pros Great looks and ground-pounding performance work on the 4Runner an grand choice for people who love the great outdoors as puff up as those who just want to look like they do. Cons Steep worth and choppy highway ride temper our enthusiasm for this otherwise cracking truck. For Successful five-year run, the second-generation Toyot a 4Runner has been retired, and not a moment too soon. Fresh in 1990, the 4Runner aged quickly as the sport utility market explode and other automakers introduced larger, safer and more tendinous rivals. By 1995, the compact pickup-based 4Runner offered little, other than Toyotas spirit for reliability, to entice buyers. For 1996, Toyota has separated this high-volume SUV from its pickup truck roots. The new 4Runner shares little with the Tacoma pickup. As a result, engineers have created a more refined vehicle without sacrificing clod off-road ability. Suspension travel and tread width are both up to improve off-road ability, ride, and handling. The interior is larger in every direction, thanks to a wheelbase that is two inches longer than the previous version. A lower floor and wider doors make getting into and out of the 4Runner less of an exercise in contortionism. Rear phase room is up by three inches, and cargo space has been amend as well. Two engines are available on th e 4Runner a 2.7-liter inline 4 cylinder that makes 150 horsepower at 4800 rpm and 177 pounds- feet of torque at 4000 rpm., and a 3.4-liter V-6 producing 183 horsepower at 4800 rpm and 217 pounds-feet of torque at 3600 rpm. These figures run a substantial improvement over the old anemic four cylinder and wheezy V-6 -- in fact, the new 2.7-liter four is more powerful than the 1995 models 3.0-liter six.

Global Warming and Agriculture Essays -- Geology

Global heat and AgricultureGlobal heating plant has been a major topic of environmental concern over the last(prenominal) several decades. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has late predicted a 1 to 3.5 degree Celsius amplify in average atmospherical temperature above 1990 levels by the year 2100. Although this temperature enlarge may seem small, calm an growing or decrease of a few degrees in atmospheric temperature is capable of causing drastic alterations in the verdant process, among many different e very(prenominal)day issues. Though many studies declare been done on the presumptive make of an increase in spherical mean temperature, much is still unknow or only guessed at, payable to a general miss of deeper understanding of Earth?s very complex climate system. The effects of factors such as climate variance, irrigate availability, and quality of adaptive response by farmers to the ever-changing climate cannot be determined conclusively. This results in a rather wide range of variability in predictions of spheric heating effects on Earth?s various regions. Even proper(postnominal) temperature and precipitation changes cannot be determined, as they depart most likely substitute greatly from region to region.The most essential factor in the advantage or failure of a gather is a sufficiently damp soil during the growing season. A global increase in atmospheric temperatures most probably will arrive a general increase in the frequency and duration of droughts and baleful rains, both damaging to agricultural arrays. Extended droughts, such as the vast drought of the 1930s known as the ?Dust Bowl,? have passim history been the causes of massive crop failures. As the Earth?s temperature continues to rise, piss supply problems will beseem more and more o... ...erature and carbon dioxide levels. the States and its farmers face a nasty task in preparing for the effects of changing climate on agriculture . BIBLIOGRAPHY http//www.epa.gov/globalwarming/impacts/index.html http//www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/9717DD.html http//climatechange.gc.ca/ incline/html/impacts.html http//www.gcrio.org/ipcc/qa/cover.html http//www.gcrio.org/gwcc/part2.html http//www.whitehouse.gov/Initiatives/Climate/vulnerabilities.html Global Warming and Agriculture Essays -- GeologyGlobal Warming and AgricultureGlobal warming has been a major topic of environmental concern over the past several decades. The International Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) has recently predicted a 1 to 3.5 degree Celsius increas e in average atmospheric temperature above 1990 levels by the year 2100. Although this temperature increase may seem small, even an increase or decrease of a few degrees in atmospheric temperature is capable of causing drastic alterations in the agricultural process, among many other everyday issues. Though many studies have been done on the probable effects of an increase in global mean temperature, much is still unknown or only guessed at, due to a general lack of deeper understanding of Earth?s very complex climate system. The effects of factors such as climate variability, water availability, and quality of adaptive response by farmers to the changing climate cannot be determined conclusively. This results in a rather wide range of variability in predictions of global warming effects on Earth?s various regions. Even specific temperature and precipitation changes cannot be determined, as they will most likely vary greatly from region to region.The most important factor in th e success or failure of a harvest is a sufficiently moist soil during the growing season. A global increase in atmospheric temperatures most probably will cause a general increase in the frequency and duration of droughts and heavy rains, both damaging to agricultural crops. Extended droughts, such as the massive drought of the 1930s known as the ?Dust Bowl,? have throughout history been the causes of massive crop failures. As the Earth?s temperature continues to rise, water supply problems will become more and more o... ...erature and carbon dioxide levels. America and its farmers face a difficult task in preparing for the effects of changing climate on agriculture. BIBLIOGRAPHY http//www.epa.gov/globalwarming/impacts/index.html http//www.usgcrp.gov/usgcrp/9717DD.html http//climatechange.gc.ca/english/html/impacts.html http//www.gcrio.org/ipcc/qa/cover.html http//www.gcrio.org/gwcc/part2.html http//www.whitehouse.gov/Initiatives/Climate/vulnerabilities.html